Biography of Joules Physics

Photo all James Joule is the biography of James Joul is a British physics researcher who deeply studied the laws of thermodynamics. The scientist named the unit of measurement of SI - Joule. James Joule devoted his whole scientific life to the study of electricity and thermodynamics, becoming one of the greatest physicists of the GE century. His experiments with magnetism led to a number of iconic discoveries, including an important place is occupied by the theory of energy.

Today, everyone knows the international unit of measurement of energy Joule, named after its discoverer. Outstanding innovative studies of the scientist in the field of thermodynamics put him on a par with the most striking representatives of the scientific community of different eras. However, the success was far from always accompanied by Joule - he had to prove the viability of his theories to skeptical colleagues for many years.

In the early years, the future scientist was born on December 24 in the family of a successful brewer from Solford, located near Manchester. In early childhood, James found violations in the musculoskeletal system, which caused the curvature of the spine. Due to the disease, the boy did not go to a regular school, he received knowledge from coming teachers.

In his free time, he helped his father in his factory. Lack of communication with peers made Joule a somewhat closed child. Perhaps in the future this caused his complex communication with colleagues - representatives of the scientific community. James Joule, in his youth, along with his brother Benjamin, the young man comprehended science under the guidance of professor of physics and mathematics John Dalton.

It was under the influence of this brilliant scientist that Joule was deeply carried away by research and devoted the whole further biography of the study of various physical phenomena. The young reflector spent his first experiments in the basement of his house, where he managed to organize a small laboratory. Later, James Joul became a student at the University of Manchester and continued to comprehend science under the guidance of prominent British professors.

Thanks to the deep study of magnetism and the effects of electric current, the young man invented his first electric motor. In parallel with this, he set experiments using thermodynamics and electricity. Already at the age of twenty, Joule replaced the steam engine on his father, putting an electric one instead of him. This invention made it possible to reduce economic costs at times and make the enterprise more effective.

The science of the Joule law known to us today is the result of the many years of painstaking work of the British scientist. During the research work, James repeatedly encountered distrust and criticism of scientific authorities recognized by society. All his life, the physicist was forced to prove his case and seek recognition from skeptical colleagues.

The peak of research for Joul has become a year. During this period, he published a number of scientific works in the field of measuring the mechanical equivalent of thermal energy, including a description of the work of his illustrious blade apparatus. The famous law of Joule was opened during long studies of heat released in electrical circuits. James noticed that during the passage of electric current the temperature, the temperature increases markedly.

Thanks to this law, we can easily calculate the amount of thermal energy released through the resistance by electric shock. At the beginning of X Joule and his ally, William Thompson found that if the gas is allowed to expand the gas without performing another external function, his temperature began to decline. Now this phenomenon is called the effect of Joule-Topson and is widely used in the production of air conditioners and refrigeration equipment.

Ernest Rutherford may be familiar with the recognition of the scientific life of the age of the age was very difficult, not every researcher could succeed. The native country of Joule did not award scientific degrees, there was also no professional scientific qualification in the country. Only a few of those who published research works could count on a dignily paid work in the scientific field.

James was forced to conduct the majority of his experiments in the basement of his house, where he placed a small laboratory. The scientist put the experiments in private, he did not receive any funding. And yet, physics managed to survive to its own recognition in scientific circles. In the year, he was awarded the Order of Kopli - the highest scientific award of the British Royal Society.

In addition, the researcher was twice elected by the head of the Association for the development of science of the country. The struggle for authorship in the opening of the law of conservation of energy at the end of Joule and his competitor Julius Robert Mayer became the heroes of the resonant article published by the publication of the “Works of the French Academy of Sciences”. Between the scientists, a dispute unfolded about the discovery of the law on the preservation of energy in thermodynamic systems.Despite the fact that Mayer's article on this topic was the first, it was not taken seriously - the author had only an indirect attitude towards science, as he worked as a doctor.

At the same time, Joule was already supported by large physicists, including after his report in the British Scientific Association, which he presented in the year. Subsequently, great minds were divided into two camps, equally ardently supporting Joule's priority, or, conversely, Mayer. In the year, the story with authorship received a new round. During this period, the law received worldwide recognition, and the passions in priority flared up with renewed vigor.

Such scientists as John Tindal and Rudolph Clausius, who proved the priority of the doctor in public lectures, performed on the side of Mayer. As a result of many years of scientific discussion, priority was recognized as Mayer. Over the years of scientific activity, the British physicist published about a hundred works, 20 of which were created in collaboration with Lion Plafer and William Tomson.

In most of the joint articles, scientists considered issues of the use of mechanical theory of heat to molecular physics, acoustics and gas theory. Personal life in the year Joule met with Amelia Grains, who three years later became his wife. Two children were born in the family, at the same time, James got the opportunity to open a new, more equipped laboratory.

A happy personal life was destroyed by Amelia's death in the year. Recently, death and memory have been very ill, this was the reason for his departure on October 11. James Joul managed to celebrate the summer anniversary and led a secluded lifestyle in British Cheshire. In the same year, the Second International Congress of Electric Scientists took place, where the physics was named a unified unit of measurement of energy, work, the amount of heat, which has become one of the units of the measurement system with its own name.

Monument to James Jouil in the city town hall of Manchester, opposite the monument to the scientist Dalton, was erected by the Memory of James Joule's memory. The sculptural composition belongs to the authorship of Alfred Gilbert. By the decision of the International Astronomical Union, one of the craters on the reverse side of the moon was named after the physicist in the year.