Biography in Dubovka
Project Family History of Dubovka is located in a km northeast of Volgograd, on the right steppe shore of the Volgograd reservoir in the node of the intersection of three landscape axes-the watershed and edges of the floodplain terraces of the Volga and Oak. The history of Dubovka, a small town on the steep bank of the Volga and the adjacent to him, is peculiar and unique.
The whole past is associated with a peregok - interfluve, delimiting the pools of the Volga and Don. People have used the Volga-Don perelok since ancient times. She lay in the way of the great relocation of peoples from Asia to Europe. From the north, tall, fair -haired Rusichs came here - large masters in hovering river crossings. Huns, Avars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsy - what kind of tribes and peoples did not pass in the Dubovsky region.
On the map of Teszel Gerard, compiled in the year, three flashes were indicated, according to which the ships dragged from Don to the Volga and vice versa. The shortest distance between these two rivers about 64 kilometers is located just in the area of the present Dubovsky district. This place has long attracted people. It was here that during the Golden Horde in the city of Hordes of Tamerlan, he completely destroyed him in the year.
The remains of this ancient city, known in history under the name "Vodyanskoye settlement", are dug up every year archaeologists on the northern outskirts of Dubovka. But the raids of the Tatars did not stop, and on the orders of Peter in the years between the Volga and the Don, a guard line was built, the guard of which the Volga Cossack army carried out. There is a legend that even up to a year, Dubovka was called a town that before the appearance of the banks of the Volga River in the city of the Volga Cossack army were guarded by soldiers from the fortification, which stood on the site of the current Dubovka.
But when, during the attack, the Kyrgyz-Kaisatka horde cut out three battalions of Russian shooters, the Don Cossack chieftain Makar Nikitich Persidsky asked the Sovereign Anna Ioannovna-to settle in this place to protect the right bank from the nomadic volzhsky hordes on the conditions favorable for the Cossacks, for which he received not only the blessed Permission, but also monastic command.
The historical foundation of Dubovka is attributed to the year when the government was entrusted with "Naumov to arrange new patrol lines along the Volga, between Kamyshin and Tsaritsyn, as a result of which the families of Russians, Little Russians and the Don Cossacks were originally set up here." At this time, the villages were formed: Balyklaskaya, Karavaain, Antipovskaya with the main military city of Dubovka, where a special military chieftain was appointed, and the new Cossack army was called Volzhsky; He was given a seal, which depicts two sabers and horn, Kamka's banners with the coat of arms were supposed to be special, special allowance was supposed to be.
The Volga Cossack army was allocated land along the Ilovl River, from the possessions of the Don Cossacks to the possessions of the suburbs Dmitriev Kamyshin. The military city of Dubovka was divided into three villages: Dubovskaya, Middle and Volzhskaya. In the year, Empress Elizabeth granted Ataman to Persian silver bucket with the inscription: "Volga troops to the foreman." In the year, Catherine II "complain of the troops of the entire ataman Makar Persian for jealousy and zeal of Sablia with gold with diamonds." The duty of the Volga Cossacks was the carpet service and, most importantly, the persecution of robber gangs and fugitives, who had a refuge for themselves in the then still -populated lower Volga region.
In Moscow, they well understood the importance of protecting the right-bank from the invasion of nomads from behind the Volga. Without reliable protection of the right bank from Tsaritsyn up the Volga along the interfluve to Panshino, the guard line, which protected the Russians from the invasion of nomads, would lose any meaning. The Volga Cossack army did not justify the government hopes assigned to him.
Instead of guiding and maintaining order, the Cossacks gave a shelter in a fugitive, covered the robber gangs and, finally, when in August the year Pugachev entered Dubovka with his army, most of them joined him, forming the Dubovsky regiment. He was met by a bell -made ringing, the clergy came out to meet, the Cossacks swore allegiance to him together. In Dubovka, Pugachev replenished his reserves, moved to Tsaritsyn.
In Tsaritsyn, he was captured by government troops, and on January 10, he was quartered in Moscow in Bolotnaya Square. That is why the uprising led by Pugachev was regarded as a stab in the back with a knife. Pugachev was executed, and troubles and misfortunes fell on the Cossack town: the clergy were cut out and exiled, the detectors of the impostor began.
He took up the Assumption of the Mother of God. The church was wooden, the fire spread to the residential orders, everything was burned out in a day. People began to settle again. Meanwhile, no one, meanwhile, knew that they did not have long to live in a raped place, they would be sent to the distant lands. Catherine II in the year issued a decree on the abolition of the Volga army.
Four and a half thousand Volga Cossacks were relocated to the Terek, most of the Cossacks were moved to the Caucasus. There are several yards in Dubovka. Empress Catherine II determined Dubovka to be a posad.She signed a decree on July 10. Since that time, Dubovka began to be populated for the most part by Little Russians. With his geographical location of the Posad Dubovka, it was simply doomed to growth and prosperity.
In the full geographical description of our Fatherland, the “Middle and Lower Volga and the Volga” read from year to year: “The beneficial geographical position of her oak tree on the banks of the Volga, at the beginning of the land dragging to the Don, which has a distance of 60 miles, attracted a lot of trading and enterprising people here and made an arc of the wolf’s wolf with the south of Russia.” Posad stood on a pereslok, the whole way of life of merchants, crafts, bourgeois-bourgeois was subordinated entirely to it.
In Dubovka, carts, cart wheels were made, iron was forged, bondar production was developed - they made up to thousands of tubs a year. Oil -pouring and flour production was developed. Through Dubovka, through Perevolka, from the Urals, from the breeder Demidov walked a hardware, guns, ship anchors, anger made of iron and copper, and from the top of the Volga, from Vyatka, Vetluga there was a ship forest, from there rafts and whites were fused.
Dubovka is flowering in the fifties and sixties of the nineteenth century. It was during this period that the rapid development of the Volga region gained rapid pace, when the most important water communication of the river. The Volga was supplemented by a network of railways and the creation of centers of all -Russian scale began. In these years, the turnover amounted to 10 million rubles in Dubovka.
There were 25 factories alone - leather, salot, oil, brewerous, mobble, sawmill. It was in Dubovka that the first sawmills with a steam drive from the locomotive appeared in the year. One of the attractions of Dubovka-its commercial and industrial part-was a factory for the processing of crusted skins. Up to half a million pieces were processed per year, they sewed fur coats, hats, undercuts, many all kinds of products, practical and elegant.
These products went far beyond the Saratov province. Susl fat was used as a healing agent, they were successfully treated with patients with tuberculosis. The Dubovka and merchants of the Caucasus attracted. The products of local carpets-craftsmen were well sold out by them, as well as in demand were handmade soil products. The annual Trinity Fair, which lasted from May 10 to June 10, is quite significant in turnover.
In years, the goods were brought to the fair in the amount of about rubles annually. There is a forest marina and bread in Dubovka; There are 4 bread companies in Posad: Bashkirov, Bugrov and Saratov - Schmidt. Dubovka, being the key connecting the trade in Northern Russia with the Don, the Black Sea and the Caucasus, itself is noticeably improved and attracts more and more people every year either for temporary classes, or for a permanent residence.
Every summer in Dubovka, up to 10 thousand workers and carters gather, 15 thousand pairs of bulls and one and a half thousand horses. In the year in Dubovka, there were 8 thousand permanent residents. The southeastern railway society offered the Posad representatives to build a railway from Don to Dubovka, asking to give a small number of landing land under the structures for free, but the Posadsky did not go for this, as a result of which the Volga-Don Railway from Tsaritsyn to Kalach was carried out.
In the year in Dubovka there were houses, including stone ones. There were a man. It was unloaded, transferred to the Don of 70 ships and rafts. It was a period of greatest growth and heyday of dubovka. Despite the fact that in the year the Volga-Don Railway pulled things and capital, Dubovka continued to be built and develop. The power of inertia is too great.
This year, 63 vessels were unloaded in Dubovka, 33 rafts were picked up. In total, a little more workers were busy on the shore. At the same time, Tsaritsyn took about six hundred ships and rafts. The workers were busy on the shore. In other words, the volume of cargo transshipment moved from Dubovka to Tsaritsyn. By the year in Dubovka there were houses of stone from them.
By the year, a person lived in Dubovka. The loss of the role of a trading port on the Volga led to the reorientation of the local population, most of which were still engaged in the production of woolen, carpet, button products. Despite the fact that the most part of the population began to make bourgeois engaged in fitting, gardening, melons, trading, artisanal crafts, factories and factories and dubovka continue to work a significant role in the development of the Volga cities.
At the money of local merchants, at the insistence of the Posad Dubovka department, public buildings and structures are built. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Civil War, by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of July 23, the Dubovsky district was formed as part of the Stalingrad district of the Lower Volga region. The composition of the district was as follows: the city of Dubovka and 30 tips.
In December of the year, the enlargement of the Soviets occurred and they began to be sown by the winter and spring hectares of the Earth. The area had 4 communities of 48 farms.They sowed ha, 12 agricultural artels of 79 farms, sowed GA, 9 cooperative artels to jointly cultivate the land of 73 economies - they sowed HA, 6 machine partnerships 75 households sowed ha.
There were 2 horticultural farms in the region of 2, which united 24 farms of the region’s population was a person, of which competent. In terms of employment, the population was distributed as follows: - Peasants, - workers, - employees, - people of a free profession, - others. In the beginning of the x, continuous collectivization was carried out in the region.
In February, when the boundaries of the district were revised in connection with the formation of the Prileysky and Balykla districts, in the Dubovsky district there were: 3 MTS, 2 state farms, 19 collective farms. The peaceful work of the workers of the district was interrupted in the year of the Great Patriotic War. Residents of the district rebuilt work in a military way.
In October, the construction of defensive borders was sent to military work, an output, ax, shovels, a person was allocated to collect a stone from the banks of the Volga. The population of the district was sent to the front over pairs of warm things, parcels with gifts.