Aroseva Maria Biography

We are especially interested in the grave of Maria Aroseva. On the grave is a high obelisk with a piercing quote: “Death is a small word. But to be able to die a great thing. On the obelisk, the name and surname who will say little about who this woman is. And only the one who knows that among the Kazan revolutionaries was the father of the famous actress Olga Aroseva, might think that this is her relative.

This is true. This is her grandmother - Maria Augusta Arosva. Now the trail on which the grave of Maria Aroseva is located is called Arosevskaya. In September, 11 local organizers of Soviet power were shot in the city of Spassk of the Kazan province of the Kazan province. Among them was the Summer Socialist Revolutionary Maria Vertynskaya, whose name of the street and lane in Bulgaria were named.

Her son, Alexander Arosev, who has repeatedly been in the Spassky district, became a famous political and military leader in the Soviet Union, but he was shot by his own during the Stalinist repressions in the year. Because of this, his daughter Olga Aroseva refused to join the Komsomol. Maria was born in the year in the Latvian city of Mitava now Elgava in the family of the Baltic German.

Her father, the musician August, Johann Goldshmidt, actively participated in the activities of the local branch of the Narodnaya Volya organization and for this was soon exiled with his family to the city of Perm. Then the Goldschmidt lived in Nizhny Novgorod. Maria Augustovna graduated from a four -class school, trained with a dressmaker and worked as a seamstress.

In this field, she met Yakov Mikhailovich Arosev, and in the year she became his wife. A courageous, decisive girl, she went for a loved one without thinking, without looking back - and without a dowry. For what could the exiled father give her, except for a bright and direct view of life, an independent mind and a deep sense of justice? But he gave it to her in abundance.

” Her husband’s father Mikhail Arosev was serf and a skillful master of bamber. He was also famous for the heroic force. When the wolves attacked in the steppe once in the steppe on his wagon, he pierced the fist with a fist with a fist. Mikhail Arosev gave both his sons to his sons a reliable and profitable craft: Ivan became a jeweler, and Yakov learned to the tailor. Over time, Yakov Mikhailovich Arosev opened in Kazan on Voskresenskaya Kremlin street his own sewing workshop, and then a store of a finished dress.

He was eight years older than his wife Mary. In a word, a few years later, Yakov Mikhailovich ruined and again, as in his youth, entered the Cover for his competitor. ” Meanwhile, children were added in the arose family, Maria Augustovna gave birth to four sons and three daughters one after another. All of them studied in Kazan institutions: sons - in a real school, daughter - in a private female gymnasium.

The eldest son Alexander was born in the year and already at the summer took part in the revolutionary events of the year in Kazan. And the year before, grandfather August Goldschmidt gave him a real revolver of Smith-Swexon system. The head of the family, Yakov Mikhailovich, was configured against the revolution, did not believe that an illiterate people would be able to rule the country.

But in the character of Maria August, Aroseva, the genes of the people of the people immediately resigned, and soon their apartment turned into a circle, where students and the intelligentsia were gathering mainly Socialist -Revolutionaries. The building of the Kazan City Duma with one wall went to the Arosevsky court, and on October 21, when the raids and soldiers began to surround and arrest the revolutionaries gathered in the area, Maria Augustovna and her son Alexander organized their salvation - they took them through their wood, from which he led an underground move to a neighboring lousy lane.

A dozen people who did not have time to leave, the Arosrevs were covered in the workshop under the guise of workers. The head of the family, meanwhile, finally ruined and, experiencing a lack of funds, sold a house with a workshop and a store and transferred a family to a cheap apartment in a cloth settlement on the outskirts of Kazan. Here, in the year, Alexander Arosev was first arrested for propaganda of revolutionary ideas.

His wanderings began on prisons and links, from where he escaped abroad, met there with M. Gorky and V. then returned underground to Moscow, in a police guard was listed under the nickname Kryzh, and he was soon arrested again. And Yakov Mikhailovich had a sick heart, and he died in November from hemorrhage to the brain at the age of 48. Maria Augustovna devotedly looked after her husband to the last and buried him with dignity.

But after that, quite quickly she got married again. Her chosen one was Viktor Frantsevich Vertynsky, a young doctor, a friend of Alexander Arosev, who was still in students attending a revolutionary circle in their house. He was 15 years younger than Maria, he loved her for a long time and even earlier stubbornly insisted that she divorced her husband.

Maria Augustovna dismissed his annoying proposals with a laugh, but having lost her husband, she still agreed. By that time, she was already a grandmother: the son of Vyacheslav at the summer, under the threat of suicide, forced his parents to agree to his marriage, and the daughter -in -law soon gave Maria a granddaughter.In the spring of the year, Alexander from the next link returned to his native Kazan.

The news of the secondary marriage of his mother was somewhat discouraged, and although he was with Viktor Vertynsky in a friendly relationship, some kind of hostility to him appeared. It seemed strange to Alexander to think about his almost peer as a stepfather. But these thoughts were obscured by the trouble, which came to the arose house. The First World War was going on, and Sergey was killed in the battles near Przemysl - Alexander’s brother, after that, he left for Petrograd, then moved to Moscow, entered the school of warrant officers and immediately after the February Revolution of the Year was elected to the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP b.

And Maria Augustovna, following her young husband, went to the village of Voikino, Spassky district of the Kazan province, now it is located in the Alekseevsky district of Tatarstan. Here Viktor Vertynsky worked as a doctor, and Maria got a job as a local school. But with her frantic temperament, she could not stay away from the revolutionary events exciting Russia and led active propaganda activities in the Spassky district.

Maria Vertynskaya wrote about this in a letter sent from Spassk to the city of Tver in the summer of the year: “Dear son! Humanity has never been at such a crossroads as now. Your idea is holy for me, for it itself is truth and justice. The blind man is the one who does not see, and the scoundrel is the one who sees and does not recognize from personal benefits. I work in this direction, as I can.

It was possible to unite the local labor intelligentsia with the peasantry, to establish the Women's Union. I drive around the villages daily, arrange meetings and readings. They go willingly, listen and believe. But there are a lot of enemies even among teachers and peasants; They even threaten the "hut." But I do not rub. After all, it is necessary to die someday, and I’m now free: the kids, thank God, are all adults on the roads, and I can surrender to the people of the people without risk for the family and in October GO, when the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd, it was the Arossev as a member of the Moscow Revolutionary Committee who dared to give a team to the artillery mountains of the territory of the Kremlin to knock out government troops.

At the same time, the Kremlin cathedrals suffered and chimes on the Spasskaya Tower were broken. Maria Vertynskaya, congratulating her son on the victory of the revolution, wrote to him in those days: “I work as soon as I can. I agitate with might and main. The results are brilliant; A wave of Bolshevism, or rather faith and hope in the Bolsheviks, are among the people everything grows and grows.

” After the seizure of the authorities, Arosev was appointed deputy commander of the Moscow Military District. In the year, at the insistence of Lenin, peace with Germany was concluded, and a civil war began in Russia. At the end of July, the Red Latvian arrows entered Spassk, with an accent, saying: "We are Czech." Some residents of the city, thinking that it was the White Guards, went out to meet them with bread and salt, but fell into a trap.

As a result, the mayor of currants, the merchant Kalsanov, the priest Alexandrov and other citizens who sympathized with Bely were arrested. All of them without trial were shot at the pier Perevloka. During this period, Alexander Arosev escaped to Spassk to Denyok and took part in a meeting of the executive committee of the Spassky Council. He knew that a few days later the whites would come here and wanted to take his mother with him to Moscow, fearing for her life.

But Maria Vertynskaya did not agree, stubborn, did not want to leave Victor and daughters here, who also lived with them. And most importantly - to quit her business, because by that time she was part of the Spassky district council, was the organizer of the literacy school for adults and county “Union of Women”, together with Peter Delyaev created a detachment of the Red Guard, whose weapons were stored in the backyard of the hospital.

Arosev eventually left alone, and the Whitechars appeared in Spassk on August 3, landing with a flotilla floating along the Volga. For the capture of Maria Vertynskaya, a reward was scheduled for rubles. She was hiding among acquaintances, secretly crossing the village to the village, but in the end it was given out by a rich labazer who traded in the local market. When Mary was tracked down, she fired from a revolver to the last cartridge.

She was arrested and kept for more than a month in Spasskaya prison, subjecting to interrogations and humiliations. And during the retreat from Spassk in September, the white -ches at night took Maria Vertynskaya out of town and shot in a field a few kilometers on the way to Kuralovo along with ten more prisoners, among whom were the head of the county police N. Brandin and the Communists from the Zatonsky detachment I.

It was believed that this happened on September 12, but there was another date in the diaries of Alexander Arosev, more possibly, moreover, more perhaps more. Accurate - September 18, according to the chronology of battles on the Volga and Kama, the whites just left Spassk. And the son is still better to know the exact day of the death of the mother. By the morning, the white -ches left the city, and Viktor Vertynsky with their daughters began the search for Maria Augustovns.

Only one of her boots were found in the prison cell, apparently, they were led so hasty that they did not even let them put it on.The witnesses suggested where the shots were heard from, and soon in the field behind Spasskoy the local doctor N. Samostyuk stumbled on the foot sticking out of the ground in an iso -like stocking, even Maria Vertynskaya did not have time to fall asleep, she was lying over the rest of the dead, apparently shot her last.

The bullet hit Maria into the left eye, breaking the pince -nez, and 17 bayonet wounds were counted on her body. The other dead were cut off their arms and legs, faces were disfigured. Maria was buried in the city cemetery.