Biographies in Bashkir

Among them, a separate place is occupied by the names of those who devoted themselves to the struggle for the freedom of the people. In the same row there is the legendary name of Salavat Yulaev - the national hero of the Bashkir people, Sesan, the improviser singer, a fighter for the happiness of the people. Today, this name has become a symbol of the Bashkir people and took a worthy place not only in history, but also in art, literature and folk art.

As you know, folkloristics consists of three areas of activity: the collection of materials, the systematization and publication of the collected material, and scientific analysis. To begin with, relying on published works, we will identify folklore works about Salavat Yulaev. Batyr’s name took steadily preserved in such genres of Bashkir folk art as historical prose, songs, but did not find much distribution in Kubairi, Baits.

If we take into account the fact that the tsarist government forbade not only to sing songs about the Salavat, but even pronounce his name, then we can assume about the disappearance of some part and existing works. The study of sources shows that in the Bashkir folklore the largest number of information about the glorious son of the people retained the genres of the historical prose of Bashkir folk art.

The book “Legends, Traditions” of the series “Bashkir Folk Creativity” [2] included seventy -two legends and traditions, which tell about the events that occurred in the life of Salavat Yulaev from birth and even after the death of Btyr. Especially large places are occupied by works describing the path of struggle, family circumstances, personal belongings, the character of Batyr.

Among the texts included in the book named above, according to comments, the earliest in the recording time is the legend recorded in the period from the year of Murangulov in the current Baymak district. Legends, legends about Salavat Yulaev are also recorded in the city of Vildanov in the current Birsky district, in the city of Khammatov in Salavatsky, A. Usmanov in Kiginsky, Salyakh Kulibai in the Metestlinsky districts.

The most fruitful period of the record of legends and legends about Salavat Yulaev can be considered GG. Scientists F. Nadrshina, B. Akhmetshin and V. Sidorov recorded a huge number of works in the Salavat region. Of the thirty texts, B. out of seventy -two legends recorded half, the legends about Salavat Yulaev were recorded almost half in the Batyr homeland, and this is natural.

As for the history of the publication of legends, the legends about Salavat Yulaev, the following picture emerges. According to the bibliographic pointer of Bashkir folk art, the first time the legend of Salavat saw the light in the city of Lossievsky in the newspaper Volga-Kama Word [1, 47]. Both times - in Russian. In the city, more voluminous collections saw the light thanks to the efforts of Bashkir scientists in the GG.

For example, if, as mentioned above, in the volume of legends prepared in Russian, F. Nadrshina published seventy -two texts, then B. Akhmetshin in her collection, published in G., So no prohibitions of the tsarist government could delete the name of Salavat Yulaev from the national memory, as evidenced by the above publications. The beginning of the study of legends, legends about Salavat Yulaev dates back to the second half of the 20th century.

Akhmetshina and F. Akhmetshin in his article [7,] describes the traditions recorded by him, and F. Nadrshin in the monograph emphasizes that many traditions describing the events of the peasant war of the GG. There are not so many published folk songs about Salavat Yulaev, but they occupy a strong place in the soul of the people and continue their existence. The first recording of the song about Batyr dates back to the sixties of the XIX century and is associated with the name of R.

there is also information that in the city of Rybakov in yes. Tashbulat and the label of the Orsk district from Magafur Karakaev and Sesan Birgali recorded two options for Salavat [3,], in the same years and Mansur Sultanov, two songs of the song on the topic of interest were recorded [9]. According to the observations of the musicologist L. Atanova, at the end of the 19th century, the well-known in the history of Bashkir musical folklore Gays Yenikeev with his friend, a scientist-physicist A.

Vletov, who had a special musical education, recorded quite a few songs, including two songs about Salavat Yulaev, and in E GG. Rakhimov recorded them from the performance of G. Enikeev [9, 66]. At that time, the song “Salavat” was also discovered among the notes of the composer I. Kozlov [9,]. Atanova also notes that in the city of Saltykov, in the city of Gabyashi, in the city of Gabitov, later, in the city of Tikhomirov, songs about the Salavat were also recorded, which are characterized by a melodic community, that they can be considered typical tunes about Salavat throughout Bashkiria ”[9,].

Songs about Salavat were recorded by S. Galin at the end of the X. Nadrshina and R. Suleimanov in E Gg. Sultangareeva and the author of these lines in the Uchilinsky district of the Ishken Batyrshin OO [14, 67]. From the comments of S. Galina, the songs can be seen that, unfortunately, it is not known who, where, when, from whom he recorded some songs about the Salavat [3,].As already mentioned, we rely on published texts in our observations and do not exclude the possibility that other texts of the songs about Salavat Yulaev may well be recorded in different years, different people and stored in archives, museums and other institutions.

A small excursion in the history of the study of folk songs about Salavat shows that, first of all, it should be noted the presence of information about the existence of songs about Salavat in the work of N. Kazantsev, published in the city, according to the study of the musicologist JI. Atanova, in the history of Bashkir musical folklore, Ruf Ignatiev was the first to determine the main genres of Bashkir folk songs and, when analyzing historical songs, relied on songs about Salavat Yulaev [9, 47].

She L. Atanova also distinguishes some thoughts of the researcher. In our opinion, two of them are worthy of special attention.

Ruf Ignatiev notes that “the plot of the song about the Salavat is not only in various, but also in the same area, it is stated differently. It seems that if anyone knew how to tell how this is worthy of Salavat, then heaven and earth would bury, forests and rivers would have groaned moans. Cry, a person, if you have a reserve of tears, whoever you are, ”Ruf Ignatiev’s songs about the Salavat Yulaeva as folk words [9, 48].

Further in the city in the second half of the 20th century, the researchers S. Galin, G. Galin, G. Mambetov, M. And in one of the last books S. Galina, in the section on the study of songs about Salavat, is also not ignored by Salavat in their writings, it is also said that the Bashkir historical song contains poetry of struggle, hatred for enemies and that they are permeated Great optimism and firm faith in victory [16,].

Some information about the history of the publication of songs about Salavat leads in his book by L. For example, referring to the work of N. Kazantsev, she writes: “This song is a folk song about Salavat is well transferred to the poems of G. Kudryashov and printed in the X. This song has not yet been discovered, but the fact itself is quite likely ”[9, 25].

Bilyalov and K. in, gg. Suleimanova [11] In the Bashkir and Russian languages, songs about Salavat Yulaev are published in large numbers. The last book notes that songs, plays on the topic of interest to us were repeatedly published in other sources [11,]. It should also be emphasized that the songs about the Salavat are published in the books of the famous folklorist scientist F.

here should be scored in other genres of Bashkir folklore, reflecting the image of the folk batyr, i.e. in the epic repertoire of Bashkir folk art, two texts of Kubairs are known: “Yulay and Salavat” is recorded by M. Buragulov from Gabita-Sesen and Salavat-Batyr is unknown. The first was published in the city of Burangulov “The Epos of Batyr”, and the second - in the city of then these two works repeatedly saw the light in different collections, including in the third book of the epa -teent scientific arch [17,], and in the same place, in the introductory article, N.

Zaripov sets out his observations about the named two Kubairov [17,]. It published three Baits about Salavat Yulaev [18, 50-52]. The third bait called “Do not forget you, Salavat” was recorded in the Yanaul district in the village of Kesecor from the Sharafetdinova Rayhana, but it is not known who was recorded, that is, incomplete passport [18,]. In the comments, two bait texts were noted as options, one of them is recorded in the city in the scientific archive [18,].