History biography of Lomonosov

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Tatyana Butorina G. Photo by Natalia Domrina. However, they have little talk about his family, about his mother, wife, children. Lomonosov was born, spent his childhood and youth in the Arkhangelsk North. Pomerania historically was an intermediary between the West and the center of Rus'. The position of the peasants in the north was largely similar to their position in Scandinavia, where there was never serfdom.

It is this circumstance that explains the presence of specific educational traditions and the peculiar nature of the Scandinavians and Pomors. Entrepreneurial people were formed from them, among whom were the Lomonosovs. The surname of the Lomonosovs in the documents has been found since the 16th century. Leonty - great -grandfather of Mikhail Vasilyevich - and his sons Luke and Dorofei were the Black -Holy Peasants.

Luke advanced among the fellow villagers, and at the beginning of the 18th century he was chosen by the Zemstvo headman, but he did not throw his economy. The father of Mikhail Vasilyevich Vasily Dorofeevich also established himself an active person. In the village of Denisovka, he had a house with a court, a pond and a well. The yard had approximately half the Earth and lay in a flat lowland, some of which occupied a wide pond.

It was connected to the river ditch, fenced off from the River with lattice. They bred fish in the pond - at that time in the north the only example of artificial fishing. There is an assumption that Vasily Lomonosov lost his father early, so one of his characteristic features was “supplement to orphans”, that is, having experienced a bitter share on himself, he did not remain indifferent to the fate of other orphans.

In orphans, the reason for its illiteracy should be seen, although literacy was common in the genus of Lomonos. From childhood, Vasily cared not only about himself, but also about his mother. Later, he said to his son Mikhail that he made all his “contentment” “bloody later”. Vasily Dorofeevich was characterized as an energetic, observation person. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, he was “simple, with neighbors is courteous”, “good by nature”, “very religious” and committed to the church, which manifested itself in concern about the construction of the Stone Kurostrovsky Church.

He personally donated 18 rubles for this charitable deed, and also raised funds in Arkhangelsk, in the "boats", in his house at family celebrations. Vasily Lomonosov actively participated in parish-to-acceptance affairs and was busy in the year about the allocation of the Earth to the new deacon of the Kurostrovsky parish. Many of his father inherited the “gifts son”, while both “natural succession” and a personal example of the senior Lomonosov were important.

The establishment of the personality of the future academician was influenced by the fact that Mikhail did not have to experience the poverty who is belittling, which had to endure a significant part of the Russian peasantry. Lomonosov’s father in the views was typical of Pomor: he believed that a man in the house should provide prosperity, food, warmth. Therefore, Vasily Dorofeevich was simultaneously engaged in peasant labor, fish and St.

John's wort, transportation of goods. For him, it was important both the house, where he could warm up, relax, gain strength for work, and his mistress. He married three times. The first wife - Elena Ivanovna Sivkova - gave him the only son of Mishenka in the year. Very scarce information has been preserved about Michael's mother. Elena Ivanovna was the daughter of the Matigorsk deacon Ivan Sivkova.

About a year, Ivan Sivkov died, leaving his daughter an orphan. Probably, in or a year she married 27 -year -old Vasily Lomonosov. Being in adulthood, Vasily, from a large number of probable brides, chose an orphan girl. This indicates that for him the main thing was not a material calculation, but love. The ethnographers of the north noted that Pomorie was famous for remarkable women with thin, pretty features.

However, they were not inferior to men either in strength, nor in dexterity, or in hard work. Freech was busy for days by now near the stove, then near cattle, then with children, and if in the evening the free hour fell out, sat down on the spinning of the wool of her sheep, for knitting, sewing. The woman’s woman was very clean, to scrupulousness. Public opinion strictly guarded her moral appearance.

Thus, the brush of impeccable behavior was called “Slavuk”, and the walking, free behavior - “whistle”, from the word “whistle” - to walk, lead an dishonest, shameful life. The negligent, motorized woman, the ruin received the nickname "Development". However, Pomera knew: "The dashing wife is legal, his own." The woman in the Russian north was not just a keeper of a home, life.

In the Pomeranian family there was a type of double leadership - the presence of two chapters of the family in the person of the father and mother. The stability of society was largely determined by the stability of the family. Elena Ivanovna was a good mistress and wife. Left by her husband during his long and life-threatening trips to the White Sea, she concentrated her love on her little son.

With the careful care of a loving mother, the child grew up healthy, smart, thoughtful. Michael was very attached to his mother, and her often a mournful image was deeply imprinted in his soul.Mother gave him all her warmth and care, as if she felt close death. Misha's carefree childhood ended in the year when Elena Ivanovna died. Mikhail Lomonosov kept childhood memories of his mother deeply in himself.

Most likely, in her image he was looking for his future wife. So, the father really wanted to marry a minor Mikhail and even "conspired in Kolya from a non -viable person to take his daughter for him." But the son refused. The appearance of the stepmother made for Michael the native home to a stranger and cold. Quite often, the son came to the grave of his mother, mentally searched for support.

Leaving the convoy in December in Moscow, Lomonosov, according to legend, said goodbye to his native grave, as if he felt the last time he was doing this. Unfortunately, Lomonosov left neither an autobiography nor memoirs by which his childhood, youth and other life periods could be restored. In the preserved letters and works of the first Russian academician there is not a single word about the mother.

This is understandable and explainable: he wrote about something else-scientific, public, and his personal life remained inside, but he called his daughter a daughter, who gave birth to a dear name for him-Elena. Baron Korf, who sent Russian students to study to a distant country, said: “I have heard, what are the customs of local students, and therefore afraid of the main reasons for human stupidity - women, guilt, tobacco and beer!

.. I believe that a great future awaits you ... ". In Marburg - the largest university city in Europe - Lomonosov spent four years from his five -year stay in Germany. Here, the talent and uniqueness of Mikhail Vasilyevich were seen by his beloved teacher, the most famous philosopher of Europe, Christian Wolf. Here, Lomonosov met his future wife Elizabeth Tsilch, who, incidentally, was born on June 22, in the year of the death of Lomonosov’s mother.

Her father, Henry Tsilch, was a brewer and was considered a person of average prosperity. By the time Lomonosov arrived, he was no longer alive. The death of his father blew up the material well -being of the Tsilch family. Mother had to hand over part of the house for tenants, students. The mother of Elizabeth, Elizaveta-Cristina Tsilh, a nee Zilch, sought to financially ensure the life of two children: the son of Johann and the daughter of Elizabeth.

Historian Wilhelm Eckhardt, the former director of the State Hessial Archive, proved that the future academician lived in the city of Marburg in a house located at 2 Lane, 2. A commemorative board has been installed on it. In a four -story building with a cozy courtyard and now there is a student dormitory. Lane of Vendelgasse is so narrow that they stand at home, closely pressed against each other.

From the house on the contrary, one could see everything that happened in student rooms. Usually they write that Russian students, succumbing to the temptations of liberty, led a fun lifestyle, so they had a need for money. However, this is not true. Student time is a wonderful time in any era. Russian students quickly became friends with German peers and took part in youth feasts, party, draws, brawls.

There is a certificate of the German Putter, who lived opposite the house of Lomonosov and the habits of well -studied well. The main part of the money, the future academician spent on books, paid Frau Tsilch for the table and apartment. Modest in everyday life, Lomonosov, according to Putter, led a measured lifestyle, without excesses: his breakfast consisted of "several herds and a good portion of beer." Putter later met Lomonosov closer and praised his diligence, the wisdom of judgments, and the way of thinking.

The teacher Lomonosov Christian Wolf also recalled this. His beloved student never missed classes and was in the teaching: “I loved to see this high forehead in the lecture hall, this look, shining with the mind. But ah! I see the justice of this saying in my Russian student ... However, I did not see my Russian student drunk - a cunning beast! She attracted him with householdiness, peace, sincerity.

The hobby of Lomonosov with a sweet girl grew into a deep feeling. He very peculiarly understood love, which he later wrote about in the doctrine of eloquence: "Love is the tendency of the spirit to another to whom in order to have delights from his well -being." How to create well -being for a loved one? This question was worried about Lomonosov, and at that time he could not give an answer at that time.

Young people were familiar about two years when an explanation occurred between them in the year. Lomonosov well understood the whole responsibility that he took upon himself, choosing a German girl in the bride. Everything was complicated by two moments: the lack of funds to the maintenance of the family and his beloved belonging to another faith in Lomonosov.