Gramsi Antonio Biography

It is considered one of the founders of neo -Marxism; Both the new left and supporters of Eurocommunism were appealed to his ideas. Representatives of modern ideological communitarianism and many continental new right -wing ones also consider it to be his predecessor and in criticism of liberalism and fascism, and in his positive program. Born on January 22 in Ales, Sardinia, in the family of a small employee Francesco Gramsha, the son of a gendarme colonel, a descendant of immigrants from Albania.

In the year, his father, on suspicion of abuse of official position, was imprisoned for 5 years. Soon after, his mother Giuseppina and her children moved to Gilar, where Antonio graduated from elementary school. At the age of 11, for two years he joined the tax service in Gilar to help his family, extremely constrained in material terms. Nevertheless, he continued to study on his own, and in the end returned to school, where his brilliant abilities were discovered in most disciplines.

In the year, after the gymnasium ended, the Meloni Card to Santulussurju moved to Calyarari, where he studied at the Lyceum Carlo Dettori, on September 30, he joined the left-wing youth mug “Anti-Clog Association”, and was published in the newspaper Lunion Sarda. In years, thanks to the prize for studying for needy students from the provinces of the former kingdom of Sardinia, he studied at the University of Turin at the Faculty of Philology, joined the Socialist Party.

Among other presidential students for this prize was Palmiro Togliatti, the future chief secretary of the Italian Communist Party of the ICP. In the year, despite the prospects of successful academic work, he became an activist of the Italian Socialist Party and began a journalistic career in party publications. During the First World War, the Turin Socialist weekly “Il Grido del Popolo” “Cloud of the People” was edited, simultaneously collaborating with the Turin edition of the socialist newspaper Avanti!

Gramsha proved himself as an outstanding representative of the young generation of Italian revolutionaries, who began the struggle against reformism in the Socialist Party. In the year he took part in the creation of the “revolutionary faction of irreconcilable” within the party, actively supported the Bolsheviks: “Lenin is the most socialist, most revolutionary of the leaders of Russian socialists” “Il Grido del Popolo” after an anti -war armed uprising in Turin in August, was elected secretary of the local Socialist Party.

The October Socialist Revolution of the Year served as an intensifying factor in his activity. In the conditions of the post-war revolutionary upsurge in Italy, the Gramsha initiated the movement for the creation of the factory advice, which became a kind of form of the struggle of the Italian proletariat for power in years. An active participant in the Florentine meeting on November 18, the Extraordinary Congress of the Socialist Party, prohibited by the authorities.

Tolyatti, U. Since November, a member of the Communist faction of the Italian Socialist Party. In January, he became a member of the newly formed Italian Communist Party. Shukhta, a close friend of the Ulyanov family and personally V. Shukht gave birth to grams of two sons - Delio and Juliano. Juliano Gramsha also had a son who bears the name of his grandfather and lives in Moscow.

Antonio Gramsha Jr. has three children-Galatea, Tarquinia and Renata. In the year, Gramsha moved to Vienna, and in May, after his election, he returned to the parliament from the region of Veneto to Italy. In the years, the parliamentary group of the Communists, Gramsha, performed from the rostrum of the Chamber of Deputies with a strict criticism of the policy of fascism.

In the year, the fascist tribunal sentenced him to 20 years in prison then, as a result of several amnesties, this period was reduced - he expired in the year.

Almost three thousand pages were written there, which made up the core of the Gramsha’s creative heritage - the famous “prison notebooks”. In addition, his letters are of interest to Tatyana Shukht, his wife’s sister, and there are about most of the grams of the conclusion of the gram in prison in the tour near Bari to other letters. In addition to relatives and friends, his friend, economist Pierrot Cruff, who bought books, the necessary grams in prison, helped a lot.

The difficult living conditions in prison undermined his health, and a few days after the formal release, April 27, Gramsi died of hemorrhage in the brain, which resulted in a very tense and hard life. He was cremated and hastily buried in the presence of only the brother of Carlo and his sister -in -law of Tatyana in the Roman monumental cemetery of Kampo Verano.

However, in accordance with the will of the deceased and his parties in the party, his ashes - following his atheistic beliefs - was reburied after the liberation of Italy in the Roman Necatolic cemetery of Testaccio.