Biography Tutmos 3

Pharaoh Tutmos III. About the year, he waged conquest wars since the year; During his reign, he made a number of campaigns, ch. In history, he is known as the first commander who carried out an offensive according to a pre -planned plan. A characteristic feature of his military claim was the desire not to spray his strengths, but to apply consistent and concentrated strikes on the most important strategist, pr-ka points.

Passing quite many. Mesopotamia captured its lands by 3 Egypt Ancient. As a result of the victorious campaigns, T. III Egypt expanded its boundaries and turned into the largest state. Crete who paid him a tribute. The materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia were used. Volume 8: Tashkent - Rifle cell. Tutmos III - Pharaoh BC. In the period up to a year, he was actually suspended from power by his stepmother and co -ruler Hatshepsut.

The Soviet historian V. Struve and the American scientist X. Winlock denied the widespread theory of the German Egyptologist K. Zeta and the American one - J. T. Tutmos III waged stubborn wars, as a result of which Egyptian domination was restored in Syria and Palestine, lost under Hutshepsut. They won large victories at Megiddo, Kadesh and Karchemish. The conquered territories under him were turned into the provinces of Egypt, managed by tsarist governors.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. Tom for twenty -two years was the co -ruler of his stepmother Hatshepsut, but had no real authorities. Having become the sovereign ruler of Egypt in the city, from his accession to the throne, the short peaceful period ended, the era of great conquering campaigns began. The reason for this campaign was the uprising of the Syrian cities that formed the coalition hostile to Egypt, led by the ruler of the city of Ka-Desh.

The Syrians concentrated their forces near the city of Megid-do. In order to unexpectedly attack them, Tutmes III moved to Megiddo in the shortest, but most difficult way that lay through an impassable mountain pass. The Egyptian chronicle says: "And he himself went ahead of his troops, indicating the path to each person. And the horse went behind the horse, and His Majesty was at the head of his army." Having overcome the pass, the Egyptians were near the enemy camp.

Inheriting morning, a bloody battle began. Pharaoh personally led the army to attack, driving a combat chariot. The Syrians failed to provide proper resistance and rushed to run. Instead of pursuing the running enemy until complete destruction, the Egyptians took up the robbery of the enemy camp and collecting the battle of weapons abandoned on the field.

This allowed the Syrians to hide in Me-Giddo. It was not possible to take the city with a storm, since the Egyptians in those days did not know how to storm the fortresses; A long siege began. Finally exhausted by hunger and thirst, the city surrendered. Tutmes III got a huge booty that he sent to Egypt, and he moved on to the north. His army reached the southern slopes of the Lebanese mountains, capturing several cities and many villages along the way.

In order to gain a foothold in the captured territory, Tutmes III left strong garrisons in the cities and erected a fortress, which gave the name "Tutmes connecting foreigners." He captured a number of large cities, among which were Kadesh, Halpu and Karchemish. He also managed to conquer a significant part of the Phenicia and thus strengthen on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

On the orders of the pharaoh, a large fleet was built in the city of BIBL. On large carts drawn by oxen, the ships were delivered to the Euphrates, and Tutmes III with his army swam down the river. Having reached the limits of Mitanni, the Egyptians began to capture and ruin the Mitanniy cities and villages. The Mitan-Nits tried to resist, but were defeated in several battles and moved far beyond the Euphrates.

Tutmes III also fought south, in Nubia. He advanced to the fourth Nile threshold. As a result of his conquering campaigns, Egypt turned into a powerful world power stretching from north to south to km. Huge riches flowed into Egypt. Tutmes III generously distributed military awards, lands and slaves to his soldiers. A significant part of the prey settled in temples, primarily in the temple of Amon-Ra in Thebes, since the warlike pharaoh needed the support of the priesthood.

Materials of Prince. A brief biography of the rulers and generals of antiquity. Minsk, during the life of his father, he occupied a very modest position in the national temple of Amon in Thebes. But when the old pharaoh died, Tutmos was erected by priests to the throne without any difficulties. However, all the real power over the country immediately concentrated in the hands of his aunt-mother of Queen Hatshepsut, who for 20 years is autocratic to rule Egypt, leaving his stepson-nephew only nominal rights.

The meaning of Thutmos in these years was so insignificant that the dignitaries did not even come to him with reports. Only the death of Hatshepsut returned to Tutmos appropriate significance. Having taken possession of the forced inaction of the supreme power after two decades, he tried to destroy any memory of his stepmother.The name Hatshepsut was erased from her monuments.

The magnificent obelisks of Tutmos erected by her ordered to build up a stone wall. Her luxurious statues in the memorial temple of Dyl-El-Bahri were cast and broken. Even the names of the close associates and associates of Hatshepsut were subrayed from many inscriptions. But the main thing was not even that - Thutmos funded in fundamental policy fundamentally.

If his stepmother is the rules in peace and tranquility, then he spent his whole reign in heavy conquering wars. The appearance of the greatest of the ancient Egyptian conquerors can make an idea according to his mummy and statues. He was a short, stocky man, with a low forehead, a large mouth, full lips, sharply defined chin and eagle nose. He was very strong and passionately loved the hunt.

Being a soldier to the bone, the pharaoh was not, however, alien to sciences and art. Already in the city of Thutmos he made his first campaign in Palestine. Thanks to the detailed inscription on the wall of the Karnak Temple of Amon, we know about all the vicissitudes of this war. Having performed from the border fortress to Jara, the Egyptian army reached a gase in ten days, and then spent another seven days on the traffic through the deserts to their town.

Here, Thutmos learned that the Syrian kings under the leadership of the ruler of Kadesh composed a strong coalition against him and that their united army is located near the powerful fortress of Megiddo. Pharaoh could go to this city with three roads. The direct path led through the mountain ridge of Carmil and was a narrow path. Two other ways ran, respectively, north and south of the mountains.

At the Council, the military leaders suggested that Tutmos choose one of the bypass roads, but the pharaoh rejected this prudent advice, afraid to pass through the enemy with a coward. Loosing to go in a straight way, he offered to his colleagues the right to choose - to follow him or to make his way bypass roads. Everyone preferred to stay with the king. The passage through the mountains, as expected, turned out to be dangerous - the Egyptian army stretched out on narrow paths half a day.

With one bold blow, the Syrians could cause him a complete defeat. But they did not dare to do it and freely missed the Egyptians to the plain in front of Megiddo. The next day, a decisive battle took place.

Moreover, after the first onslaught of the Egyptians, the Syrians fled, throwing horses and chariots. Tutmos ordered to surround Megiddo with a wall and began a difficult siege, which lasted seven months. Finally, having exhausted all the possibilities for defense, the Syrians surrendered. The winners got a huge booty. Pharaoh turned all the townspeople to his slaves and ordered them to drive them in Egypt.

But with captive kings he treated quite graciously - he took an oath of fidelity from them and dismissed their homes. Having destroyed the city, the winners with triumph returned to Thebes. The first campaign was only a prelude to new conquests. In order to strengthen his power in Syria, Thutmos had to equip more and more expeditions there almost every year.