Biography of Sergey Rubinstein

He was engaged in philosophical and methodological problems of psychology, a critical analysis of the main directions of foreign psychology, the study of perception, memory, speech, thinking. He developed the problem of determinism in psychology, a person’s problem in terms of ontology, epistemology and ethics. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ilyichev, P. Fedoseev, S. Kovalev, V. Works: Genesis and Consciousness, M.

Rubinstein Sergey Leonidovich [June 6, Odessa - January 11, Moscow] - Russian philosopher and psychologist. In the year he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of Marburg University, in the same place he defended his doctoral dissertation “Eine Studie Zum Problem Der Methode” “Research of the method of the method”. In the year, without defending the dissertation, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences in Psychology for the Monograph “Fundamentals of Psychology” by M.

since the year - Associate Professor, and from the year - professor of the Department of Philosophy and Psychology of the University of Odessa; From the year - Director of the Scientific Library of G. B - Years - Head of the Department of Psychology of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute. The general direction of scientific research is psychology, epistemology, ethics; The founder of the activity approach in psychology.

На основе диалектического принципа детерминизма — «внешние причины действуют только через внутренние условия, составляющие основание развития» — разработал философско-психологическую концепцию человека и его психики, и в этом контексте — систему категорий: бытие и материя, социальное и природное, субъект и объект, деятельность и созерцание, свобода и необходимость, субъективное и объективное, материальное и идеальное, психическое и Physiological, conscious and unconscious.

In particular, he showed the illegality of the information of being to the object and to matter, found the original solution to the problem of primary and secondary qualities, developed the principle of solving a psychophysiological problem, carried out a deep analysis of K. Marx's early philosophical works “Economic Rubinstein, G. Rubinstein developed an original concept of philosophical anthropology, a person and the world.

He created philosophical and psychological theories of thinking as an activity and process, speech theory, emotions, etc. The dialectics of objectivation and subjectivity, correlation of the individual with other people in activity, the highest type of activity as a modus of the subject, the multi -layer of personality form the basis of his philosophical anthropology. Brushlinsky new philosophical encyclopedia.

In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Rubinstein Sergey Leonidovich 6, having received a higher philosophical and psychological education in Germany and defending a doctoral dissertation on philosophy in Marburg “Research of the method of the method”, on it. Prof. was elected in the year. In the year he became the head of the Department of Psychology of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute.

Herzen, since the year is the head of the Department of Psychology of Moscow University and the Director of the Institute of Psychology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, and from the year - the head of the Sector of Psychology and the Deputy Director of the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, but in the end of the 10ths lost all other posts on charges of cosmopolitanism and ideological mistakes in psychological theory.

In the year, he was restored as the head of the Sector of Psychology of the Institute of Philosophy. The main principles of psychological research, according to Rubinstein, proceed from the philosophical foundations of the theory of the subject; They consist in the unity of consciousness and activity, in accordance with which a person and his psyche are formed and manifested in the activity of the initial practical, and determinism, according to which external causes act through internal conditions.

Based on these principles, Rubinstein created the philosophical and psychological concept of man and his psyche, the theory of thinking as an activity and as a process. Based on it, he interpreted the category of “being” as irreducible to the categories of an object and matter, and also investigated the systemic and hierarchized ratio of categories: being; subject and object; subjective and objective; activity, behavior and contemplation; material and ideal; natural and social; Mental and physiological.

The subject, according to Rubinstein, is the basis of the connection of consciousness and activity, but, as such, it is formed in objectification, in the process of transition to the object. Moreover, the dialectics of objectification and subjectivity is not self -destruction of the essence of the subject, but its practical activity; Consciousness includes as the main moment the correlation of the individual as his carrier with other Rubinstein wrote: “Any mental phenomenon is a function, expression of the individual’s life, evidence or indication about it and at the same time reflection on objective being, reflection of his” foundations of general psychology.

According to Rubinstein, mental phenomena develop in the process of the evolution of the organic world, but in the course of the historical development of mankind, expressed in the individual life of man.In the doctrine of man, Rubinstein believed that through the personality not only the connection of consciousness and activity was revealed, but also the organization of all mental processes, qualities and properties; It also has a special measurement of the process of its development and self -development in the form of a life path.

When explaining mental phenomena, the personality acts as an integral system of internal conditions through which all external influences are refracted. Thus, according to Rubinstein, determinism appears as historicism, characterizing the general, special and single in the development of personality. The laws of the outwardly determined personality development are internal laws. This should proceed a genuine solution to the problems of development and training, development and education ”The problems of general psychology.

To understand the teachings of Rubinstein about a person, about activity as a mode of the subject, about the development of personality, the work “man and peace” that has become great after his death is of great importance. Rubinstein's theses that a person and his psyche are formed and revealed through practical activity, in conjunction with other people, that their manifestations are characterized by the features of various types of activity - labor, playing, teaching - have a general philosophical meaning.

The analysis of such a quality of activity as its sociality, the implementation through the subject of varying degrees of community - personality, group, and the whole society is especially significant. The doctrine of thinking included many provisions of Rubinstein about the objectivity of activity, and not just its symbolic and operational-behavioral nature. For sociology, his ideas about personality layering are important: the presence of it in common with other mental properties or feelings and sensations; individualized sociopsychic characteristics, for example, motivation; Social-conditioned properties.

Exploring the problem of freedom, Rubinstein saw its essence in the self -determination of the subject in relation to reality, which is a necessary link in the condition of the action. Thanks to consciousness, a person may provide for the consequences of his actions; By virtue of this, reality, still unrealized, determines the actions by which it is realized. Rubinstein also interpreted freedom as the achievement and retention of moral positions in contrary to this.

Thus, freedom is a vector of personality life, focusing on its moral improvement and at the same time on its ability to change the ratio of good and evil in the surrounding world. Such freedom, according to Rubinstein, is achieved not by a speculative way, not by psychological self -compliance, but by an organized subject.

Zadorozhnyuk Russian philosophy. Under the general editorship of M. Apryshko, A. Works: Fundamentals of psychology. Literature: Sergey Leonidovich Rubinstein: essays. The philosophical and psychological concept of S. Rubinstein and Philosophical Foundations of Soviet Psychology. Dadrecht, Rubinstein Sergey Leonidovich is a Soviet psychologist and philosopher, one of the creators of an activity approach in psychology.

He graduated from Odessa University, he completed philosophical and psychological education in Marburg, where he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Eine Studie Zum Problem Der Method". From G. Sun to the city for the “Fundamentals of General Psychology”, he received in the city of the State Prize. In the article “The principle of creative amateur performances”, written in G.

proposed the wording of the principle of the determinism of the mental: external causes act through internal conditions. Developed the theory of thinking and personality as an activity and process. Kondakov I. Illustrated Dictionary. Odessa, Rubinstein Publication was prepared by N. Literature: Abulkhanova-Slavskaya K. The philosophical-PSI Hyological concept S.

Odessa period of life S. The principle of the unity of consciousness and activity S. Philosophy and Psychology: S. Rubinstein and S. Next, read:.