Tukhachevsky brief biography

Many books are written by Tukhachevsky himself and many books are written about Tukhachevsky. Let's try on the basis of these materials, to understand who this person really was? The Tukhachevsky clan dates back to the 13th century. One of the ancestors of this kind gave the beginning of the famous family of Tolstoy. Tukhachevsky were nobles of Polish descent, very impoverished and living on the landowner estate of the Alexander Smolensk province.

They had 9 children: 5 daughters and 4 sons. The son Mikhail was born on February 16th and was the third child in the family. The boy learned to read early and read it. From an early age, he reached for music, asked to buy a violin to him and later wrote: "Maybe a professional violinist would have come out of me." The family often arranged home performances. Michael was their indispensable participant.

He had literary and artistic abilities. Actually, he was engaged in literature all his life, but he was not going to be a writer and all the works he wrote to us, these are scientific works on a military theme. From childhood, he dreamed of being a military man, being an officer, as his cousin-General bequeathed to him. Mikhail graduates from the Moscow Cadet Corps and the Alexander Military School with a gold medal.

The First World War G. for courage, the young officer Tukhachevsky was awarded many orders of the tsarist army from Anna of the 1st degree to Vladimir of the 1st degree. He is captured by the Germans and is in Germany along with the French prisoner of war Gole, from where he runs and returns to Russia after the revolution G. shocked by the failures of the Russian army in the war with Germany Tukhachevsky was carried away by the ideas of Marxism and made a choice towards the Bolsheviks.

He associated the revival of Russia with the strengthening of its army, dreaming of led it over time. With G. possessing great talent and brilliant military abilities, he achieves large military successes. In gg. The glory of the winner immediately puts him into a number of the largest leaders of the Red Army from the Civil War. There were failures, such as the defeat of the army led by Tukhachevsky on the Western Front in the city, however, Tukhachevsky’s combat merits are evaluated highly and he is trusted with conducting such operations as suppressing the rebellion of Kronstadt sailors and a peasant rebellion led by Antonov in the Tambov region.

The suppression of uprisings is particularly cruel, huge losses “on both sides” and the use of the “gas attack” against the civilian population, which took place in the Tambov province, for the first time in the military practice. This is all unlikely to paint the commander, but still of all the Soviet commanders he was most erudite, had strategic thinking, and thought about the creation of a modern army.

In the future, he is trusted with such high posts as the deputy. Such rapid advance through the service ladder put Tukhachevsky between two lights: he became a stranger to the leading composition of the Red Army, led by Voroshilov and Budennaya, and already became a stranger to the former tsarist officers who voluntarily crossed the side of the Red Army. He was too not a standard person, was distinguished by independent thinking, he was a commander, capable of independent decisions.

Tukhachevsky was engaged in the creation of a new army with modern weapons, including tank units, aviation, rocket weapons. He was going to lead this army in an approaching war with fascist Germany. But under the Stalin regime, such a person was not needed, he was doomed. In the city of Tukhachevsky he was arrested and shot. Of all the leaders of the Red Army, Tukhachevsky is an unconditionally most vivid person.

Three of the first five Soviet marshals were destroyed and Tukhachevsky was the first of them, the most outstanding, the most talented. Repressed in the year in the "military case", rehabilitated in the year. He was born in the family of the impoverished Smolensk hereditary nobleman Nikolai Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky, mother - Mavra Petrovna, peasant. The origin of the surname Tukhachevsky is not reliably determined.

Biographer M. Tukhachevsky B. Sokolov reports that the origin of the Tukhachevsky clan from the group of alleged descendants of Indris is shrouded in legends no less than the death of M. The version of the Polish origin of Tukhachevsky has no documentary justifications. Children's years took place in the village of Baszhsky of the Chembarsky district of the Penza province of the Kamensky district and in Penza.

He studied at the 1st Penza gymnasium. He graduated from the 1st Moscow Cadet Corps in the Russian Imperial Army since the year: at the end of the Cadet Corps, he entered the Alexander Military School, which he graduated in the first three in performance. At the end of the study, he chose the service in the Life Guards of the Semenovsky regiment, and after passing the necessary procedures, the consent of the officers of the guard regiment, Lieutenant Tukhachevsky, was appointed junior officer in the 7th company of the 2nd battalion in July.

In the beginning of the First World War, he took part in battles with the Austrians and Germans as part of the 1st Guards Division on the Western Front. Member of the Lublin, Ivangorod, Lomzhin operations.He was wounded, for the heroism showed five times presented to the award by orders of various degrees of 5 orders for six months. In the battle on February 19, his company was surrounded by the village of Pyaschnoye under the scrap of his company, he himself was captured.

At night, the Germans surrounded the positions of the 7th company and destroyed it almost completely. The company commander Captain Verelgo, the old soldier, who participated as a volunteer in the Russian-Japanese war, fought fiercely and was killed. Later, when the Russians again repulsed the trenches captured by the Germans, at least twenty bayonets and gunshot wounds counted on the captain’s body - and recognized him only on the St.

George Cross. Tukhachevsky, however, was captured alive. After four unsuccessful attempts to escape from the captivity, he was sent to the camp for incorrigible fugitives in Ingolstadt, where he met Charles de Gaulle. In September, he made the fifth escape on August 3, which became successful, and on September 18 managed to go across the border to Switzerland.

The regiment was again enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment, and in January of the year he received a vacation as a fled from captivity. He joined the RCP B early in the spring of the year, appointed military commissar of the Moscow District of Defense. In June, he was appointed commander created by the 1st Army of the Eastern Front. He was almost shot during the July rebellion, raised by the commander of the Eastern Front, M.

in August commanded the 1st Soviet Army, which made an attempt to take the White Simbirsk and, in a fierce battle, on August 27 and 30, on the approaches to the city, was defeated from the units of Colonel of the General Staff of V. Kappel, as a result of which the 1st Soviet Army was forced retreat 80 miles west of Simbirsk.

In early September, he prepared and conducted the army for a successful operation to capture Simbirsk, in which he first showed military qualities. Military historians note "a deeply thought out plan of operation, a bold and quick concentration of the main forces of the army in a decisive direction, timely bringing the tasks to the troops, as well as decisive, skillful and initiative actions." For the first time in the civil war, one regiment of the 5th Kursk Simbirsk division was transported to the area of ​​concentration on cars.

As in subsequent army and front -line operations, Tukhachevsky demonstrated "skillful use of decisive forms of maneuver during the operation, the courage and swiftness of actions, the right choice of direction of the main blow and the concentration of exceeding forces and means on it." However, it should be noted that the Simbirsk operation was part of the general offensive of the Eastern Front of the Red Army and began only after the beginning of the Kazan operation, which was aimed at capturing Kazan, which was defended by the best troops of the Komuch People’s Army, including Kappel's brigade.

After V. Kappel with his parts returned from under Kazan, the Simbirsk Division of the Reds was thrown over the Volga. But it was not possible to return Simbirsk Kappel, and the approach of the right -bank group of the Fifth Army and the Volga Military Flotilla of the Red Army allowed the Reds to cross the Volga again and go on the offensive. In parallel with the completion of the Simbirsk operation, the Syzran-Samar operation unfolded, in which the 1st Army of Tukhachevsky participated and as a result of which Samara was taken directly to the city was taken by units of the 1st Samara Infantry Division of the Red Army.

In December of the year, Lenin defined the south as the main direction of the war, and Tukhachevsky was appointed as an assistant to the Commander of the Southern Front, the YuF was listed as the commander of the 1st Army until January 4, which by this time had already actively conducted the offensive from November 3, and from January 24, the commander of the 8th Army of the YF, which included the Inzen Rifle Division, which was previously part of the 1st Army.

The troops of the Southern Front of the Red Army were advancing to the border of the Don and Manych rivers, however, the Don Army of the White was not defeated, as some believe - as a result of disagreements between the commander -in -chief of Vacetis and commander Tukhachevsky, on the one hand, and comfrost Hittis commissars A. Kohgaev, G. Sokolnikov and I. Khodorovsky, on the other.

Tukhachevsky left the position of commander of the 8th Army on March 15. In March, they went on the offensive in the east of the army of Admiral Kolchak. The western army of General Khanzhin defeated the 5th Army and broke through the center of the Eastern Front of the Red Army. The chiefs of the army divisions were chapaev I sd and Aihe I am sd. As part of the general counterattack of the Eastern Front, the 5th Army transferred from a retreat to the offensive, conducted on April 28 - May 13 together with the Turkestan army of the Buguruslan operation and defeated the group of General Voitskhovsky.

Subsequently, the 5th Army ensured the Belebeye operation of the Turkestan army and the Sarapulo-Votkin operation of the 2nd Army. In June, the 5th Army conducts a Bir operation against superior whites forces and provides the Red Army to the Southern Urals. In late June and early July, the 5th Army was ordered to carry out the main blow to the offensive of the Eastern Front.Tukhachevsky conducted a Zlatoust operation, as a result of which attempts by the West Army of the Whites were to be covered along the Ural Range.

Military historian N. Kakurin draws attention to the skillful accounting and use of local conditions, a bold and original group of forces by the command of the 5th Army when building an operation on an army scale. The operation was built on surprise, the army commander personally developed all the documents and brought to the staff of the headquarters only what was directly concerned.

As a result of two weeks of battles, Chrysostom was taken, the 5th Army took three thousand prisoners, its losses made up less people killed, wounded and missing. It should be noted that during the operation, I am a rifle division after a fast march on the Yuryuzan Valley in the area of ​​the village of Nasibash fell into a half -reduction and was forced to defend herself in this position within 3 days.

The threat was removed with the approach of the Rifle Division. Then the 5th Army carried out the Chelyabinsk operation. During its holding, the White command decided to deliberately lure the 5th army surrounded and defeated. To solve this problem, shock groups under the command of Voitskhovsky and Kappel were created as part of the White Western Army. After that, the White command began to fulfill their plan, and the units of Voitsakhovsky and Kappel surrounded Chelyabinsk along with the parts of the Reds that entered it.