Benjamin Dizraeli biography

Dizraeli, G. in, Minister of Finance. The Government of Disraeli led a colonial expansion policy capture of Cyprus, preparation of the annexation of Egypt, etc. In the novels of Koningsby, Sibille, or two nations, he intended the aristocracy in the mitigation of social contradictions. The son of the writer Isaac Dizraeli, a Jew who adopted Christianity. In preparation for legal activity, he spent three years in the office of a shear, but left it for classes.

The first novels of Dizraeli - Vivian Gray and the Journey of Captain Pompanillia - are a witty, albeit shallow, satire on political customs and institutions of England. During the years, Dizraeli tried to go to parliament with the support of the Wigs, but, having been defeated twice, went to Tori and was elected to parliament in the year. In his political pamphlets, “Protection of the English Constitution” and “The Spirit of Vigism”, he criticized the ideas of democracy and folk representation.

In the early xs, Dizraeli headed a group of Tori Party figures, called "Young England." This group tried to contrast the democratic ideas of chartism with reactionary political utopia, gleaned from idealized ideas about the Middle Ages. Demagogically criticizing the factory system, the egoism of the Wigs and industrial magnates, Dizraeli and his adherents advocated strengthening the power of the crown, church and aristocracy.

Dizraeli developed this program in literary form in his trilogy "Koningsby, or the young generation", "Sibille, or two nations" and "Tancred, or the new crusade" Marx and F. Engels "characterized the ideas of" young England "as" feudal socialism "see the transition of the government of R. Pilya to freely and cancellation of bread laws in the year Party of Tori.

This made it possible to lead the opposition in parliament. In the year, Dizraeli was elected the leader of Tori and began to rally her ranks, weakened by leaving supporters of the saw saw. In the years, Dizraeli, being the Minister of Finance, actually headed the government. In an effort to get the support of church circles, Dizraeli opposed the teachings of Darwin, announcing that in a dispute against those who were originating a person from a monkey, he stands "on the side of the angels." Conducting a post min.

With this step, Dizraeli, in particular, sought to create the popularity of the Tori party and raise his personal prestige. However, in the elections of the year, Tori conservatives were defeated, and Dizraeli, who headed the office, resigned. While oppositions, Dizraeli, put forward a program of active colonial policy, economic and political “rallying the empire”, accusing the liberals of neglecting the imperial interests of Dizraeli played a large role in transforming the Tory party into a conservative see conservative party of Great Britain.

During the years, the conservative government of Dizraeli at the center of his activity raised issues of foreign and colonial policy, striving to distract the attention of the masses from the urgent internal reforms. In the year, bypassing the parliament, he acquired a package of shares of the Suez Canal from the Egyptian head, which prepared the subsequent seizure of the UK Egypt.

In the year, on the initiative of Dizraeli, the English Queen was assigned the title of "Empress of India." In an effort to enlist the strong positions in Turkey, Dizraeli tried to justify the Turkish policy of fierce suppression of national movements in the Balkans. The policy of Disraeli contributed to the emergence of the Russo-Turkish war. The position of the defender of the integrity of the Ottoman Empire did not prevent Dizraeli from forcing Turkey to concess the British Island of Cyprus with an unbridled expansion of English possessions in the east contributed to the strengthening of Anglo-Russian contradictions.

The defeat in the colonial war of the years against Afghanistan, the serious blows inflicted on the English colonialists in the Anglo-Zulus war of the year, and the Boers of the Transvaal Boers, which began in the year, compromised the policy of the government of Dizraeli. In the elections of the year, conservatives were defeated, and Dizraeli resigned. In imperialist circles, the reactionary ideas of Dizraeli, his propaganda of aggressive policy and demagogy, designed to deceive the masses, gained very popularity.

In the year he was awarded the title of Lord Bikonsfield. The “Snowman League” created in his memory took up the propaganda of his ideas in the masses. Numerous Disraeli biographies, written by bourgeois historians, are apologetic in nature. Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. Volume 5. Dizraeli Benjamin - Lord Bikonsfield, a British state and politician, one of the founders of the conservative party.

In the year, he bought up the shares of the Suez Canal, which prepared the actual annexation of Egypt by England. The initiator of the convocation of the Berlin Congress was annexed by Cyprus Benjamin Dizraeli was born on December 21 in a wealthy Jewish bourgeois family. His father did not want to engage in the family traditional in the family and devoted his life to literature.Dizraeli was educated as a result of stubborn independent work; He gave preference to stories.

Having not reached adulthood, Benjamin took up speculations on the exchange and soon burned out. Then he tried to publish a newspaper - again failure. A long journey through the Mediterranean and the Middle East saved him from debts. At the age of 20, Dizraeli wrote the novel "Vivian Gray", which brought him glory. Subsequently, he wrote a number of novels that won the love of readers.

Dizraeli set himself the goal of the age of 30 to become Prime Minister of Great Britain. But only his fifth attempt to go to the House of Commons from the Party of Conservatives ended successfully the financial affairs of Disraeli by this time came to a deplorable state. In the year, he became the Minister of Finance in the office of Derby and the leader of the House of Commons.

But soon Tori again ended up in the opposition. For a very long time, Dizraeli led the Conservative Party with Edward Stanley, Mrus Count Derby. In the year, the elderly derby resigned, and in March Dizraeli headed the cabinet of ministers. But already in December, liberals won the election, and he is retired and opposition. Dizraeli is vigorously accepted for the reorganization of the conservative party.

He formulates the program of "democratic torism" and, in particular, advocates for pursuing "solid foreign policy, especially in relation to Russia", the statement of "greatness of England." At the same time, Dizraeli creates an effective structure and a clear mechanism of the conservative party. In the year, conservatives won the majority in the House of Commons, and Dizraeli became the Prime Minister.

He paid paramount attention to colonial and foreign policy problems, conducted work to expand the empire. A year later, Dizraeli became the leader of the English nation. The secret of his extraordinary career, as the English historian D. Lee noted, is that "no one in the government and even throughout England could have been as clearly as Dizraeli to determine the goals, much less achieve them." At the end of November, Europe learned about the secretly concluded transaction, which had far -reaching consequences.

Egypt was at that time part of the Ottoman Empire, but Dizraeli did not even inform the Sultan about the transaction. He deftly used the financial difficulty of Hediva to put control of the Suez Canal - the most important international water artery. The Russian ambassador to London, Count Peter Shuvalov, regarded this fact as the beginning of a new era in the policy of England - the era of active participation in the section of the Ottoman Empire and further advancement to the Middle East, to the Gulf of Persian and the Red Sea.

Dizraeli was a brilliant master of secret diplomacy, intrigue and casuistic political intricacies. Soon he made another application for an unlimited expansion of the British Empire. In April, the English Queen Victoria was proclaimed the Empress of India. The queen did not remain in debt and already in August, Dizraeli, the title of Lord Bikonsfield and Peer of Great Britain, granted Dizraeli.

Disraeli saw British interests not only in Egypt, but primarily in Asia Minor, the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, Syria, Lebanon, Mesopotamia, the Tiger and Euphrates Valley and, finally, in Afghanistan. But in order to subjugate markets in these regions, it was necessary to have a support base. Such a base, according to Dizraeli, was supposed to be Cyprus belonging to the Ottoman Empire.

In July, the uprising of the Turks Bosnia and Herzegovina, who were under the rule of the Turks, began.

The Turks tried to brutally suppress the performance, which caused an explosion of indignation in Europe. At the beginning of the year, the union of three emperors spoke with the so -called Berlin memorandum, warning Turkey against the continuation of repression. The British government immediately rejected the Berlin memorandum. And he wrote to his constant correspondent of Lady Bradford: "Balance does not exist, and if we do not do everything in our power to act together with the three northern powers, they will be able to act without us, which is not acceptable to the state like England." The Prime Minister regarded the Berlin Memorandum as the first step to the section of the Ottoman Empire without the participation of Great Britain.

Dizraeli, adhering to the principle of "preserving the independence and integrity of the" Ottoman Empire, proposed to convene a conference "based on the territorial status quo". In the traditions of Palmerston, Dizraeli decided to play British muscles. He introduced the Royal Navy into the Bezic Bay, located at the very entrance to Dardanella, this preceded the Crimean war. Dizraeli was delighted with his fiction.

He believed that the union of the three emperors, "in essence, broke up, as a triumvirate broke up in ancient Rome at one time." Dizraeli suggested that Shuvalov solve the eastern issue without Austria-Hungary. The discussion of the English-Russian program continued all of June. In the end, it turned out that Dizraeli insisted that Russia abandon the help of the Balkan Slavs and allow Turkey to suppress the uprising.Probably, Disraeli was aimed at bringing the relationship between Russia and Austria-Hungary to the complete gap, which, as it seemed to him, he laid the beginning, rejecting the Berlin memorandum.

Dizraeli experienced severe pressure inside the country. The atrocities of the Turks set up British public opinion against them, and Gladston opposed Dizraeli's immoral policy.