Brief biography of Sakhalinsky

Advertising and cooperation Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the era of primitiveness and the Middle Ages on Sakhalin, as in all areas of the Earth, the nature surrounding us has been formed for many millennia. A significant role in this was played by glaciers. With the onset of glaciers, it was cold, large areas of the treeless tundra formed. Ancient glaciations had a significant impact on the formation of the relief, especially the coastal outlines of the world ocean and the fluctuations of its level of 60 thousand.

So the ancient land - hunting appeared. The area of ​​which was supposedly occupied by the southwestern coast of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Hokkaido and partially the islands of the Kuril ridge. It was then that the progress of ancient animals began on the land "bridges": mammoths, woolly rhinos, sheepskin, horses, northern deer. These animals were the main prey of ancient hunters, who, pursuing prey, came to them at Sakhalin and further to the south of Okhotya.

So on the Tym River, near the village of Ado -Tymovo, the oldest parking was found, which belongs to the Paleolithic period - the "ancient Stone Age" thousand. He was replaced by a neolit ​​- the "New Stone Age" about 7 thousand. In this era, the technique of manufacturing tools made of stone is being improved. People learned how to make boats, rafts, skis, and also began to make the first clay dishes.

In the Neolithic era in the Sakhalin Region, several archaeological crops have developed, which have from 5 to 7 thousand ancestors of Nivhov and Ainu on Sakhalin when the glaciers retreat and climate warming arose many lakes and swamps; The tundra and steppes were replaced by the edging, increased areas with abundant vegetation. In the north of Sakhalin, in the basin of the river.

Thick and its tributaries, pots and guns made of stone were found. Findings in these settlements are combined into an ancient culture of fishermen and land hunters. The culture is called "Imchinskaya". Other tribes, settling from the mainland, stopping at the northeast of Sakhalin, founded another - the "North Sachaline" culture of 4 thousand. Gradually mastering new hunting grounds in the taiga and tundra, some generic groups of the ancient population advanced to the south of the island.

Here in the south of the island there are 3, thousands. This means that the “Obsidian paths”, which passed from south to north of the island and further in the lower Amur, were preserved in the Neolithic. Ainu is the original natives of the Japanese islands. However, the rise in the level of the oceans is about 6 thousand. So they moved to Sakhalin and others, the closest to Hokkaido, such as Kunashir, Shikotan, Iturup.

However, it is possible that the small groups of the ancestors of Ainu, having moved to the south of Sakhalin with Hokkaido, gradually dissolved among the local population about millennia. So in the south of Sakhalin they distinguish: "South Sachaline" and "Aniva" cultures. About 4 thousand it was established that local dwellings, stone tools and ceramic vessels on Shikotan, Kunashir, Iturup and other islands, including Simushir, have many common features.

So in the Kuril Islands they distinguish: "South Kuril" culture. Climate cooling led to a reduction in the number of animals. Because of what the ancient tribes began to master the coastal areas of Sakhalin and Kusil. There they begin to engage in fishing and hunting for marine animals, which gives them a sufficient amount of meat and skins. A special role was played by the movement of small groups of marine hunters from the northern regions of Okhotsk and Bering Seas.

Among them were the ancestors of Koryaks, Aleuts and Eskimos. Sakhalin tribes and smoked borrowed some types of guns from them, such as, for example, harpoons. As you understand, in order to describe the entire long history of Sakhalin and smoked, we will need a lot of time. Therefore, we will tell you briefly what happened here before the arrival of the first Russian explorers. In I thousand, it was very powerful, but in the X century it was destroyed.

His receiver became the state - Jurchen "Golden Empire" GG. The influence of her empire spread far to the north, to the shores of the Lower Amur. The main capital was Beijing G. lived in a completely different way in the northeast. Along the Okhotsk coast to the north of Kamchatka, the tribes of the ancient Koryaks lived. In the 10th century, iron guns appear. The main occupation remains: hunting, fish fishing, gathering mollusks.

At the end of the XVI century. But still the main peoples inhabiting Sakhalin and Kurils remained Nivhi and Aina. Moreover, most Ainu lived in the Kuril Islands. The defeat of the "Golden Empire" by the Mongols in the city after the defeat of the empire and the capture of China, the Mongols created a new empire under the rule of the Yuan dynasty. In the year, the detachments of the Mongols appeared in the lower classes of the Amur and approved the power over the tribes of the Nivkhs, including in the north of Sakhalin, despite the strong resistance of the Ainu.

In the city of the Yuan dynasty, the Mongols left Sakhalin. However, in the city they traded with Japanese and Chinese merchants and were not part of any states. In the XVI century, ships of European states appeared in the Far Eastern seas. Portuguese appear the first. In the year, the Dutch appeared off the coast of a small Kuril ridge.In July of the same year, they saw the shores of Sakhalin, but because of the strong fog, the captain of the Dutch M.

Fris concluded that Sakhalin is part of Hokkaido. Russia gave the world a galaxy of outstanding explorers and sailors, round-the-world navigators and cardographers. The history of the discovery and development of the Far Eastern lands is the history of the exploits of many generations of Russian people, their selfless service to the Fatherland. Our people give them a well -deserved tribute to deep respect for the perfect heroic affairs.

Currently, on the basis of the works of remarkable Russian researchers I. Kruzenshtern, G. Nevelsky, V. Golovnin, L. Schrenka, I. Polyakov, A. Nikolsky, S. Makarov, as well as Soviet historians, primarily L. Berg, A. Efimov, N. Zubov, A. Alekseev, B. Polevoy and others Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands belong to our homeland by law, priority, priority, priority, priority, priority.

The first -sentence and primary research. Russia began to master these islands at a time when other countries did not know anything about their existence or had the most vague idea of ​​them. By the time of the coming of these lands, there were still no state formations here, and the few indigenous indigenous population lived disparately. Geographical descriptions and maps of that time indicate that neither in Europe, nor in Asia about Sakhalin and the mouth of the Amur River there were no real ideas.

Even in neighboring Japan, this island, as, however, about other islands located north of it, was only fragmentary information shrouded in all kinds of legends. The then rulers of feudal Japan, who pursued a policy of strict isolationism, refused the development of external relations and forbade the Japanese under fear of the death penalty or eternal expulsion to visit other countries.

The discoverers of Sakhalin were Russian Cossacks-Earth Executioners who came to the Amur from Yakutsk. They sailed in strings and in the planks on fast, thoroughbred rivers, walked mountain trails, wandered with taiga, floating along the rivers again, leaving on their way fortified points - “prison”.

For many months, and sometimes years, a difficult path has continued. So in gg. The Muscovites visited the Santarsky Islands, according to existing sources, reached the bay of happiness. Here they received the first information about the Amur and Island of Sakhalin from local residents. Soviet ethnographers unanimously argue that the "sedentary Gilyaks", i.e., the Muscovites gave the island of Sakhalin the earliest Russian name.

Approaching Sakhalin on May 14, Kruzenshtern explored the island in detail, got acquainted with the life of Ainu and handed them out gifts. In the summer of the same year, the expedition participants described and put on the map the entire eastern and north-west coast of Sakhalin, as well as 14 islands of the Kuril ridge. However, Kruzenshtern considered Sakhalin the "peninsula", believing that he was connected to the continent of the sandy isthmus.

He made such a conclusion under the influence of erroneous statements of such famous foreign sailors as J. Laperuz G. Brownon G.