Presentation of Sechenov Biography

Supplementary Files Abstract this Essay on the Outstanding Russian Educator, Natural Scientist, and Physiologist Ivan M. Sechenov, The Founder of the Russian PHYSIOLOGICAL SCHOOL, IS Being Publined for the Thy Anniversary of His Birth. HIS Scientific Achievements Involved a Wide Range of Physiological Problems, Including Respiratory, Metabolic, and Neuromuscular Physiology.

HIS Scientific Achievements Receved Worldwide Appreciation and Laid the Foundation for Neurophyology, Neuroendocrinology, NarcoPhysics, Comparative And Evolutionary Physiology, and the Use of Natural Science in Psychology. HIS NAME HAS Been Immortalized in the Hearts and Minds of Many. Keywords I. Sechenov, Physiology, Neurophysiology, Reflexes, Nervous System Full Text "in the person of Ivan Mikhailovich, the Russian mind first took part in the development of one of the most important sciences - physiology.

Such a publicity required the special properties of the mind, a special nature, which were well, which were well They are represented in Ivan Mikhailovich. Pavlov Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov. We rightly reckon our common teachers I. Sechenov in science in science ... ”[1, Samoilov in the year of the Flight of Sechenov, sound just as significant and now that we celebrate the flight from the birthday of the scientist.

Ivan Mikhailov was born on August 1 13, he was the youngest of eight children of the notorious steppe landowner, the retired Major of the Life Guards of the Premozhnysky The regiments, contrary to the tradition of the beauty, the neighboring estates belonged to the famous families of Lyapunovs, Filatovs and Krylov-the offspring of everyone later will leave a mark in science.

Schools in this harmonious system allowed a single exception to which we owe the formation of the founder of the domestic physiology school: the youngest allowed to join the sisters in their homework, so he mastered German and French to learn English later. Studying was given to little Van easily. The formation of his character was largely facilitated by his father, who brought up the priority of spirituality in his son over material household and careerism.

Following the example of the two middle brothers Rafail and Andrei intended to give him to the Kazan gymnasium. However, after the death of his father, plans changed and summer Ivan decided to arrange in the Main Engineering School in St. Petersburg. In childhood, he read a lot, mainly Russian classics. To prepare for the entrance exams in the school in Ivan, they gave to the private St.

Petersburg boarding house captain Kostomarov Rub. He went to the school without difficulty. In August, during his studies in this privileged institution, he received solid knowledge in the field of mathematics, physics, chemistry and humanitarian disciplines, listened to the full course of academician M. Ostrogradsky - one of the founders of the St. Petersburg mathematical school.

The mechanics at the school were taught by such venerable professors as S. Kerbedz and G. Pauker - builders of the Nikolaev bridge in St. Petersburg. Pupil Yu. Libikha P. Ilyenkov read a course of chemistry. The knowledge acquired by Sechenov contributed to a certain extent contributed to the formation of his physicochemical approach to the study of the physiological functions of the body.

He studied easily and, according to estimates, kept in the first ten listeners when moving to second grade. The spirit of the drill and official reading, headphones and espionage, characteristic of Nikolaev times, reigned at the school. Such an atmosphere caused an internal protest of Sechenov, who had a straightforward and irreconcilable character. When the head of the school, General Lomnovsky, created a network of informants, Sechenov sent him an anonymous note: "Look, your Excellency, not all Kotu Maslenitsa, there will be a great post." Ivan told a comrade about his mischief, who conveyed where he should.

The young man of authorship, which was caused for explanation, did not recognize and unlocked as he could. Later, he also demanded to cancel exceptions from the general routine for the son of Lomnovsky. As a result, the non-commissioned officer Sechenov under the plausible, of course, was not left for the last additional year of study and in the city The monotonous service weeded I.

Sechenov, but then an important meeting took place in his life. The battalion comrade introduced him to his relative, the summer widow of Olga Alexandrovna, presumably, nee Khodorovich, and the young man frequented towards her. The hostess talked a lot about female equality, but there were other topics. He later recalled: “I entered her house with a young man who had been inert inert inert inert inert into which fate left me, without a clear consciousness, where it could lead me, and from her house I went out with a ready -made life plan, knowing where to go and what to do” [2, p.

When Olga Aleksandrovna again married, the sharpening Sechenov resigned and went to Moscow.They will see themselves only after 14 years, when Olga brings her deadly sick husband to a consultation to S. Botkin, and Ivan Mikhailovich will not tell her about the feelings that he once experienced for her. This woman would not meet on his life path, he would have remained an officer of the Sapero, one of the thousands.

Another “chance” deserving attention: Sechenov resigned in the city He stayed at the school for a year and he wanted this and one more in sappers, he could no longer leave the service, because in the city of Nicholas I began the Eastern Crimean War. Upon dismissal of Sechenov, they made the substances and in February the next stage of his biography is associated with the receipt of a free listener to the medical faculty of Moscow University.

At the entrance to the old capital, Sechenov was forced to listen to a notation from the old man-official: "Eh, Mr. Lieutenant, served a week without a year and to burn parental money in the capital." And he had no money at all. He lived poorly, he spent minimal help from the family for food together with a servant - 5 each! But difficult times were brightened up by bright acquaintances: poet A.

Grigoryev -, chemist and future composer A. Borodin - therapist S. Botkin -, chemist D. Mendeleev - teaching was led, at a time and for all established canons. Symptoms of diseases and methods of treatment were listed without opening the causes of the disease. The drugs were described without indicating their effect on the body. In the clinic of internal diseases, students observed patients, wrote in Latin the history of diseases.

However, no one was interested in these notes. The attitude of teachers to percussion and auscultation can be considered paradoxical to tinkering and listening, which were considered almost charlatanism.

And this took place 30 years after the invention of the stethoscope. The thermometer and a microscope at the medical faculty were found very limited use. At the same time, great attention was paid to Shagistika, observing a number of formalities, such as the rules for giving honor, wearing a triangle, swords, etc. After three years of study, Sechenov realized that he was not called to be a physiology, and began to dream of physiology ”[2, p.

In the fall, in one of his private letters, Botkin described the oppressive atmosphere of the medical faculty of that time in this way: “Our future was destroyed by our school, which teaching us knowledge in the form of catechism truths did not arouse in us that inquisitiveness that causes further development” [4, p. But still, Sechenov and Botkin owes the main Moscow university to Moscow university-the introduction to science and the desire to know it deeper in order to introduce something of its own, new.

After listening to the 1st year of lectures on anatomy and zoology, in the 2nd year I. Sechenov was carried away by the lectures of I. Glebov in comparative anatomy and physiology. Glebov possessed an excellent oratorical gift and knew how to interest students. However, he read physiology according to the old fashioned way, without taking into account the new data obtained in the laboratories of I.

Müller, G. Helmholtz, E. Weber-pioneers of the physical and chemical approach to the analysis of physiological functions. In the 3rd year, acquaintance with the lectures of N. Toporov, private pathology and therapy and N. Anke, the pharmacology averted Sechenov from dreams to choose the field of a practical doctor. Ivan Mikhailovich also did not inspire the surgery of V. Basov, who first underwent surgery to remove fistula of the stomach in the dog.

The young man was repelled by the "naked empiricism" of these lectures, the lack of analysis and any demonstrations. However, having studied 3-year lectures on textbooks, he successfully passed exams, and devoted his free time to the study of humanities, attended the lectures of Professor P. Kudryavtsev the history of the Reformation and the famous historian-Westwriter T. Granovsky General History.

Both professors aroused the interest in psychology from Sechenov. In the 4th year, classes began in university clinics. Sechenov carried out the laid work in therapeutic and obstetric departments.