Elizaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva Biography

Cherubina de Gabriac Dramaturg, translator of Cherubina de Gabriac real name Elizaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva, in the marriage of Vasilieva on March 31, Petersburg - December 5, Tashkent - Russian poetess, playwright, translator. Born in a poor noble family. Father is a callist teacher who died early from consumption.

From seven to sixteen, she suffered from the same ailment, was chained to bed, and remained lame for life. In with a gold medal, she graduated from the Vasileostrovsky gymnasium. In Elizabeth, Dmitrieva graduated from the Imperial Women's Pedagogical Institute, where she studied medieval history and French literature. She studied for some time in the Sorbonne, studied the Spanish Middle Ages.

In the Sorbon, I met Nikolai Gumilev, who many times asked Dmitriev to marry him, she refused - she was the bride of engineer Vasiliev. Subsequently, Dmitrieva taught at the Petrovsky female gymnasium, printed in Theosophical magazines translations from Spanish poetry, St. Teresa, etc. Voloshin became its mentor, spiritual connection with him will pass through her life. Elizaveta Dmitrieva spent summer in Koktebel, at the cottage of Voloshin, where a joint idea of ​​literary hoax was born, the sonorous pseudonym of Cherubin de Gabrica and the literary mask of a mysterious beautiful catholic was invented.

One of the days of August, Makovsky, who was at that time by the organization of the new Apollo magazine, received a letter signed by one letter “H”. The unknown poetess offered “Apollo” poems that interested Makovsky. The handwriting was elegant, the paper was saturated with spicy spirits, the sheets of poems were shifted with dried colors. Soon the mysterious stranger herself called Makovsky - and he heard a “charming” voice.

A few more poems were sent. The entire editors of Apollo, and there were such famous poets as Innocent Annensky, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Nikolai Gumilyov, Mikhail Kuzmin,- unconditionally decided to print verses by the unknown. Gradually, her appearance, her fate from telephone conversations and poems clarified. It became known that she has reddish, bronze curls, a pale face with brightly defined lips.

She is from the Spaniard, a zealous Catholic, she was eighteen years old, she received strict education in a monastery and is under the supervision of her father-groove and monk-Jesuit, her confessor. The enchanting music sounded her name - Cherubin de Gabriac. In the exquisite lines of poems, longing of loneliness, the desire to meet the call of the heart, find a soul that could be trusted with.

The success of the Cherubine de Gabriac was brief and dizzying. And then she was exposed. The exposure of the Cherubin took place in the end of the truth by M. Kuzmin, who got out of the phone number Dmitrieva. The translator von Gunther achieved the recognition of Dmitrieva, the secret became known in the editorial office of Apollo, Gumilyov’s insulting attack on Dmitrieva led to a duel between him and Voloshin as a result, at the end in Apollo, another selection of poetry of Cherubina appeared, with the final poem “Meeting”, signed by the true name of the poets.

The exposure turned out for Cherubina de Gabriac with a severe creative crisis. In a farewell letter to Voloshin, she writes: “I am standing at a large crossroads. I left you. I will not write poetry anymore. I don't know what I will do. Max, you revealed in me for a moment the power of creativity, but took it away from me forever later. May my poems be a symbol of my love for you.

” In Elizabeth, Dmitrieva married Meliorater V. Vasiliev, accepted his last name and left with him to Turkestan. Later, she traveled a lot by visiting Germany, Switzerland, Finland, Georgia - mainly in the affairs of the Anthroposophical Society. Anthroposophy becomes its main occupation for all subsequent years and, apparently, the source of new inspiration. In Cherubin, de Gabriac returns to poetry: in the new poems, her former “enamel smoothness” gradually disappears, and an exacerbated sense of rhythm, original images, a feeling of some mysterious, but undoubted spiritual basis of new images and intonations come to replace.

Many poems are religious, but no longer Catholic styles, but sincere verses that reflect the search for the path for the poet’s own soul, striving for repentance and purification. In the poetess, together with her husband, they are arrested and sent from Petrograd, they were guilty of first of all, an commitment to anthroposophia. She finds herself in Yekaterinodar, where she leads the association of young poets and meets S.

Together with him, she works on children's plays, the collection of plays was reprinted four times. In June, he returns to Petrograd, works in the literary part of the Petrograd Theater of the Young Spectator, is engaged in translations from the Spanish and Old French, the main translation work-completed in and published in the Star Nedzuz novel in the poems “Mul without UES” Payen from Mezier, writes a story for children about Miklouho-Macae “Man from the Moon”.Repressions against Russian anthroposophies begin, and a year later a search is carried out in the Dmitrieva house, during which all her books and archive are taken away, and the poetess itself is sent to Tashkent for three years.

In exile, she continues to write poetry, the constant topics of which are mystical experiences, loneliness, love, doom, longing for his native Petersburg. In the suggestion of a close friend of recent years, the Chinaist and translator Yu. Schutsky, Dmitrieva created the last harmless hoax - the cycle of the seven -playing “house under the pear tree”, written on behalf of the fictional exiled Chinese poet Lee Xiana Ziana, died Elizaveta Dmitrieva on December 5 of the liver in the Tashkent Hospital named after Poltoratsky, not having lived to the end of the link.

She was buried in the Botkin cemetery in Tashkent. Born in the family of a callist teacher. There is Swedish blood in the male line, according to the female - gypsy. From 7 to 16 years old she was sick with tuberculosis of bones and lungs, was riveted to bed, since then limited. Due to the unfortunate circumstances of childhood and youth V., her favorite writers - E.

Hoffman and Cervantes, later - European modernists Wilde, Guissance and others. She graduated from the gymnasium with the medal and entered the women's pedagogical institute, went to Paris, where she visited the Sorbonne. After the end of the Institute, she graduated from two specialties: the middle history and the French Middle Ages worked as a history teacher in the St.

Petersburg Petrovsky female gymnasium. While studying at the institute, I met young poets, in T. Gumilev and M. Voloshin with the latter Vasiliev corresponded to personal acquaintance. In attended meetings on the "tower" Vyach. Ivanova, participated in the publication of the magazine "Island". B was the main character in the famous literary hoax: at the insistence of Voloshin, she wrote poetry on the topics set by him on behalf of a certain exalted Catholic poet of Cherubina de Gabriac and thus intrigued with the editor of Apollo magazine S.

The extensive publication of the poems of the Cherubin in the Apollo magazine The poetic elite of that time gravitated to such a kind of nature, combining “Holiness” and “Sin” and “Sin”, “Sensuality” and “Askaise”, etc. Vasiliev wrote: “I was not afraid and not afraid of death at all, I wanted to die for 7 years to see God and the devil. And it still remains.

That world is infinitely attractive to me. ”Autobiography. Selected works. In the verses of Cherubina de Gabrias, the theme of St. Petersburg occupies a special place. The image of this city, the poetess painted with paints quite strong and penetrated. After the death of N. Gumilev, Vasilieva devoted more than one poem. 3 years before his death, V. Annensky responded with the approval of the verses of the Cherubin, and Voloshin, developing the mystification, placed the critical-astrological analysis in the same issue of Apollo, “The Horoscope of the Cherubine de Gabrica”, in which it predicted a brilliant literary future.

However, the exposure of the “Cherubin” turned into a quarrel of Gumilyov and Voloshin, who ended with a duel between the poets to happiness, which did not lead to a tragic denouement and a scandal in literary circles close to the editors of Apollo. Shocked by what happened, Vasilieva departs from active literary activity, doing mainly translations. However, the poems of the Cherubins still appeared in Apollo after the marriage of Vasiliev was carried away by anthroposophy, actively participated in the activities of the Anthroposophical society, went with instructions to Germany, Switzerland, Finland.

She lived in Yekaterinodar, where she collaborated with S. Marshak, wrote plays for children, was engaged in pedagogical activities with Marshak Vasilieva organized a “children's town” - with a library, workshops and theater. She moved to Petrograd and entered the Youth Theater, where she headed the literary part. She worked in the library of the Academy of Sciences, but her activities here were interrupted by an administrative expulsion to Tashkent for communication with the Anthroposophical Society.

The last year of Vasiliev’s life was marked by the “new literary hoax”-a cycle of poems “House under the Grushvo Tree”, written on behalf of the Chinese Plaintic Poet of Lee Xiang Zi. In the history of Russian literature of the XX century. Vasilieva entered primarily as the creator of the “Cherubine de Gabriac” - a certain “ideal” image of the “decadent” poetess X; This kind of literary game continues the traditions of A.

Tolstoy and the pearl brothers with their Kozma Prutkov. However, the Created Vasilyeva image turned out to be fatal for her own poetic development: she failed to get out of the power of the “Cherubinian”. Zobnin used materials of Prince. Prose writers, poets, playwrights. Bio -bibliographic dictionary. Volume 3. Next, read:.