Plytokhtin biography

Born: On November 15, Bolkhov died: on August 17, G. was born on November 15 or a year, the date is indicated in the authoritative biography of Modest Tchaikovsky, attached to the "Collected Works of Apukhtin". This date is confirmed by a note "November 15", standing under the poem: "Today I have passed 17 years." But in his own autobiographical note, sent for the "literary archive" of the author of this article, Apukhtin reports that he was born on November 15, in Bolkhov, the Oryol province, in an old noble family.

In terms of prosperity and relations, his father, a retired major, belonged to the nobility of the average. Mother was very indulging in strikingly early showing the boy's abilities. The universal ... Balovnim Apukhtin remained in the school of law, where he was given in the year: he was looked at him here as a future celebrity. The patron saint of the school, Prince P. Oldenburg, a carpet of the surname Apukhtin, used to say: "If Pushkin was in the lyceum, then we have Aposhchin." According to the troubles of the director of the school, language, in the "Russian disabled" of the year, the patriotic poem of the summer poet "Epaminond", dedicated to Kornilov’s memory, was printed.

A year later, the "imitation of Arabic" was printed there. Oda to the birth of the Grand Duchess of Vera Konstantinovna was represented by the sovereign. In the year, Apukhtin brilliantly finished the course with the gold medal and entered the service in the Department of the Ministry of Justice. In the same year, overshadowed by the death of his mother for him, Apukhtin really entered the literary field, placing a number of poems in the "Contemporary".

The poet did not deal with the service at all. He all surrendered to burning life among the aristocratic "golden" youth. The well -known "gypsy" romance "of the night, insane nights," later written, is a very accurate autobiographical echo noisily spent youth. And the memories of these "crazy nights" forever remained the roads for the Epicurean poet: "Even if time mercilessly indicated to me what was false in you, I still fly to you a greedy memory, I am looking for an impossible answer in the past." At the very beginning of the 10s, Apukhtin leaves for the village, not for long to serve as an official of special assignments at the Oryol governor, and in the year is finally settled in St.

Petersburg. Having nominally reckoned with the Ministry of the Interior, he again surrenders to idle, secular life, carefully protecting himself from any responsibilities and serious unrest. Even to his literary work, which, before the middle of the 10ths, when he began to write novels and big poems, did not require perseverance and labor, he treated light fun and always recommended himself as a “amateur”.

A wonderful reader and a thin-artistic receptionist, a wit, jokes and intimate epigrams of which were widely popular in the great -ows, Apukhtin was a welcome guest of the most brilliant salons. On the basis of literary interests, he became close in the X years with the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich; He read several times in the presence of Emperor Alexander III. The poet gave a significant part of the evenings to the card game, mostly in the English club.

The inconsistent lifestyle of the independent bachelor, which was led by Apukhtin, was, however, completely spoiled by more and more impending serious illness. Already in the 10ths, he began painful obesity, which in the last ten years of his life has adopted tremendous size and "brought him to the real squalor," although it did not cause special suffering. At the end of his life, he spent whole days on the couch, with difficulty moving even a few steps.

Oppressed the poet-sibarite and monetary difficulties; I had to resort to loans. Some kind of evil "gossip" and "slander" also acted very hard in his mood. Apukhtin died of dropsy on August 17. Apukhtin’s literary activity has developed very peculiarly. Despite the fact that the poet placed in a “contemporary” of the poet’s poems attracted the flattering attention of Turgenev and Nekrasov, he already realized that his poetry alien to all public was not to the court at that time, and disappeared from the pages of magazines for as many as 20 years.

Only in the X years, when a turn occurred in public psychology, A. In the year, Apukhtin, almost unknown to a large public, performs with the poem "Year in the Monastery", which so forced him to talk about him that it ensured the success of his poems that appeared a year later. Success was strong and continues to this day: the 7th edition came out in the year. Apukhtin is a poet exclusively only intimate experiences; He is organically alien to everything that goes beyond the limits of a purely personal life.

He considered himself a reflector of "pure art"; But if he literally sang his “affectionate affection” for the whole century, then not because he deliberately avoided other motives, but because everyone else was decisively interested in. To the same extent that he was alien to the public, he was alien to the interest in all kinds of "damned issues."Even in the field of religiosity, he himself determined his “soul -broken soul”: “And that he is indifferent to the anger of the day and the highest issues of being, Apukhtin does not see either merit or misconduct, but simply a fact that he does not flaunt, but which is not ashamed.

The poet is favorably different from other poets who performed in the years under the flag of“ pure art ”, that there is nothing in it that there is nothing in it He does not think at all about what "camp" is adjacent to, and simply gives the outcome of what has accumulated in his soul. And because, no matter how tiny the sizes of the poetic possessions of Apukhtin, he managed to give examples of true poetry in them.

The significant part of his work is devoted to the image of the love feelings of a secular man, slightly disappointed, slightly melancholy and already somewhat aged. In this stubborn ministry of "love" there is no stormy swiftness of the southerner: in the veins of the author of the "year in the monastery", northern blood flows, which has a melancholy and self -sacrifice.

The poet, the image of the feelings of which passes through all the poems, does not even need a divided feeling: “I am not sorry that I was not loved by you: I am not worthy of yours, but I am sorry that I once lived without love, but I am sorry that I did not love much! The tragedies are not happening: after all, the place of action is the lymphatic environment of the“ big world ”. But the heart is still broken and, and now, and now, psychology.

A broken secular heart chose Apukhtin with his main specialty. There is nothing in the sadness of the poet, reminiscent of real pessimism: he is sad not so much because the world is poorly arranged, but because not everyone manages to eat the sweetness of being. Very often, Apukhtin's melancholy is nothing more than an autumn feeling, the consciousness that it was not long to live, youth passed and only boring old age has passed ahead.

This is a purely secular tragedy, psychologically, however, reflecting the mood of the whole “Chekhov” period of the 10ths, with its carelessness and impersonality. The hero is a "wounded fighter", who fled from the "enemy camp" of a large light to the monastery to heal spiritual wounds. He acts as a novice to a strict old man-ascetic. Under the influence of monastic silence in the soul of the "fugitive", a well -known balance begins to be established.

But now they began to lead to him from the outside world. He doesn’t care that the light above him “laughs to the fall”, “But I would like to know what she says? With horror, the fugitive feels, that neither the fast nor the prayer to drive him away and thoughts about the days of short -term happiness. Let me breathe with you with me alone! What awaits me? Unable to think about decisions: she needs my life, why thought.

"And he" runs "again, but in a different way:" She calls me! The verse, smooth and elegant, is marked by the true beauty - the beauty of the northern, somewhat anemic, which, however, is more akin to northern people than the bright and colorful beauty of the south. The poem gives a profitable idea of ​​the poetic techniques of Apukhtin: it is not free from sophistication, but sophistication, so to speak, natural, not forced.

Despite all the unusualness of the plot, the author never once broke out a single pompous comparison or a high -pair image. And that's why he managed not only to end the poem in such a peculiar way, but also to give this end a very important material for the general characteristics of the flabby psychology of the 10ths. It is impossible to come up with such an end: only living reality can tell it.

It was necessary to completely renounce the chase of the target sparkles in order to resolve the spiritual mood of a person with an undoubtedly ideal warehouse of nature by a “feat” of such a strange kind. But truthfulness suggested Apukhtin that such a “feat” is capable of such a “feat” as the author of the Poem Diary is capable of. Thus, the poem “with a courier train”, an exemplary in its conciseity, contains a melancholic story about how two lovers, who circumstances prevented the combat their fate when they were young, receive this opportunity in twenty years and, when a date, feel that they, in essence, have evaporated, and that it would be better not to meet at all.

Finally, the small plays of the Apukhtin collection, almost everyone belongs to the category of poems, especially those who love romance composers. But in the rare moments of the secular author of the "year in the monastery" are also occupied by the interests of another order. Then he writes plays like a "unfinished monument", in which Catherine is glorified for the fact that, freely surrendering to the hearts, she never forgot the interests of the state because of them.

This poem at one time was very popular among the actors-tests and liked the public: at that time, it had some piquancy of touching the themes forbidden. The poet has good things and non -intimate.So, on the topic, the beautiful poem “In a miserable robbery, motionless and dead” as if reminiscent of Nekrasov, but the poem saved nothing in common with the main “civil” motive of the play a parallel between the dead woman and the situation found in the field, among which her death overtook it: “It was a wonderful day.

The condenses of the fresh grass were green, and the condensed grass, and the freshly born grass. The children ran, and the larks sang "from poems, mostly elegiac nature, we note the beautiful octaves of" Venice ". They definitely affected that the author’s melancholy did not grow on philosophical soil, not on the lining of public and other spiritual disappointments, but exclusively on the basis of personal and physiology of the aging organism.

Beautifully written, but a big play does not leave a definite impression: “From the papers of the prosecutor” - the confession of the great -society suicides. The play "Before the Operation" is written with the usual simplicity, so much reminiscent of the manner of Koppe. From humorous plays is funny: "Kumushki." Apukhtin prose is very uneven dignity. Sluggishly and boring, a huge beginning of an endless story without a name, occupying a whole third of volume, in which a small literary inheritance fit.

A feeling of perplexity causes a “fantastic story” - “between death and life”, more related to the field of naive spiritualism than fantasy or mysticism. A story in letters.

"Some memoirs of Apukhtin say that the" Diary of Pavlik Dolsky "is a lot of autobiographical. What exactly is not indicated, but from the point of view of literary and autobiographical, because of us a general Apukhta psychology: an indefinitely languishing elderly person who does not give up an old age, loving an impassive love, without claims. The mutuality, slavishly humble the lord of the heart, performing everything that is ordered in the “diary” and especially in the “archive” and purely descriptive; different sins of the Great Swings, amorous, but these are just sins, not sins.

In general, he is a rare example of a talented writer in the history of Russian literature, and through the penetrated with highly leadership. All our large writers are one way or another touching the large light. Not everyone, of course, owned the Lermontian desire to quit "an empty gathering iron verse, doused with bitterness and anger"; But almost all of the bustle and voids of this "gathering".

This cannot be said about Apukhtin.