Biography about science

Ayler Leonard Pavlovich is a famous mathematician, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Auler introduced a general theory of rows into mathematics, the theory of continuous fractions. The scientist actually created mathematical disciplines - numbers theory, variational calculus, theory of complex functions, differential geometry of surfaces. Lobachevsky Nikolai Ivanovich - an outstanding Russian mathematician, founder of non -Euclidery geometry, revolutionary in the field of mathematical analysis.

He was the rector of the Kazan Imperial University for a year. Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich-Russian surgeon, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, Anatom. Father of military field surgery, the creator of the atlas of topographic anatomy. The first in Russia conducted a surgical operation using anesthesia. Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich-Russian chemical scientist, prominent theorist, creator of the chemical school and the theory of the chemical structure.

In the year he created a way of synthesis of iodide methylene. For the first time carried out a complete synthesis of sugar things. Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich-a famous Russian composer and an outstanding scientist-chemist. I studied the problems of organic and analytical chemistry. Miklukho-Makrai Nikolai Nikolaevich-an outstanding Russian ethnographer, anthropologist, traveler and biologist.

In the course of his studies, he proved that the signs of race and culture are due to natural conditions and social environment.

Botkin Sergey Petrovich-Russian-therapist, founder of the school of clinicians. He studied the nature of the spread of epidemics of cholera, plague, typhoid, diphtheria. The first Russian Life Medica of the Imperial Family. In the year, he discovered the first outpatient clinic in Russia, the treatment in which was carried out at a free basis. Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilievna is the first female professional in the world and Russia, a mathematician and mechanic.

Kovalevskaya investigated and developed the theory of rotation of the solid. In the year, she was elected a corresponding member of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich - Russian inventor, electrical engineer, engineer. In the year, Yablochkov invented an arc lamp without a regulator or an electric candle, which in the future received the name of the inventor.

The first in the world invented a power system for a large number of electric candles from one generator. Sechenov Ivan Mikhailovich-an outstanding Russian natural scientist, physiologist, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He proved the influence of the centers of the brain on motor activity. He also substantiated the reflex nature of conscious and unconscious activity.

Mendeleev Dmitry Ivanovich is a famous Russian scientist who created a number of fundamental works in chemistry and physics. In the year, he opened a periodic law on the basis of which he created a periodic table of chemical elements. Mendeleev in the year assembled a device for determining the density of liquids - a picnometer. Timiryazev Clement Arkadievich is an outstanding Russian researcher of plant physiology.

He studied the mechanism of photosynthesis, agronomy, the history of science. Timiryazev invented the greenhouse and proposed practical methods of combating drought. Zhukovsky Nikolai Egorovich - a famous Russian aircraft designer. Zhukovsky created a number of works in the field of astronomy, mathematics, hard -body mechanics, hydrodynamics, hydraulics.

Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich-an outstanding Russian physiologist, psychologist, psychiatrist. He is the ancestor of reflexology and pathopsychology in Russian medicine. The creator of the first psychophysiological laboratory in Russia. At the end of the XIX century, he discovered and investigated the conducting paths of the spinal and brain of a person. Bogdanov Alexander Aleksandrovich-an economist and a doctor, a scientist-prospector.

In the X years, Alexander Bogdanov created tectology - a new science of universal organization. Pavlov Ivan Petrovich - a famous Russian physiologist, Nobel laureate. Pavlov became the author of the doctrine of higher nervous activity. The researcher of the role of the nervous system in the regulation of blood circulation. The first to use the chronic method in the study of the physiology of a healthy individual.

Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich is the father of Russian and Soviet cosmonautics, a prominent researcher and inventor in the field of aerodynamics and aeronautics. He created the first aerodynamic pipe in Russia in Russia. In the year, he proved the ability of the rocket to make space flights. Michurin Ivan Vladimirovich is a well-known scientist-sector of agricultural crops.

Michurin had a huge impact on the development of genetics and berry crops. In the year, he was able to prove the possibility of acclimatization of plants. He received the Order of Lenin and the Red Banner of Labor. Vavilov Nikolai Ivanovich - Soviet geneticist, geographer, breeder, botanist. The founder and first head of the All -Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after Lenin.

First proposed the use of genetics achievements to improve cultivated plants. Vavilov became the author of the doctrine of plant immunity. Vernadsky Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian philosopher, thinker and natural scientist. The scientist investigated the chemistry of the earth's crust, emphasized the significance of radioactive substances.The father of biogeochemistry, the creator of the doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere.

Academician of Sciences of the USSR and public figure. In the year, he opened the world's first neurosurgical department at the University of Moscow. It is a developer of bulbotomy - operations in the upper spinal cord. Known as a scientist who discovered the internal photo effect of crystals, measured the charge of the electron and magnetic field of cathode rays.

Kurchatov Igor Vasilievich-an outstanding Soviet nuclear physicist, father of the Soviet atomic bomb. Three times Hero of Socialist Labor, multiple laureate of the Stalinist and Leninist prizes. Kurchatov participated in the creation of the world's first cyclotron, the world's first industrial nuclear power plant, as well as the world's first atomic reactor for submarines and icebreakers.

In the year he made the first launch of the Hydra rocket. The first to develop a project for a controlled cruise missile per year. Landau Lev Davidovich is a famous Soviet theoretic physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics of the Year. Landau is one of the creators of the statistical theory of the nucleus, a researcher of thermodynamics of phase transitions, the author of the theory of the ultra -intake of liquid helium.

Tupolev Andrei Nikolaevich - a famous Soviet aircraft designer, created more types of military and civilian aircraft. Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich - an outstanding Russian aircraft designer, a well -known inventor of helicopters. The pioneer in the case of distant flights on airplanes. The world's first creator of a multi -engine aircraft. Alekseev Rostislav Evgenievich-Soviet inventor, bribery engineer, creator of combat boats.

In the year, he created the world's first landing ship-screen. The creator of the theory of thermal explosion of gas mixtures, the developer of the exercises about the spread of flame, detonation and burning of explosives. In the year he received the Nobel Prize for labors on the mechanism of chemical reactions. Kolmogorov Andrei Nikolaevich - an outstanding Soviet mathematician, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, known as one of the creators of the modern theory of probabilities.

Kolmogorov in the X was busy with reforms in the field of school mathematical education. Sakharov Andrey Dmitrievich - the famous Soviet physicist and public figure. One of the fathers of a hydrogen bomb. Laureate of the Nobel Prize of the World. From the x, he was engaged in the development of weapons - namely, ammunition for anti -tank rifles. In the X years, he proposed the idea of ​​a laser compression to obtain a pulsed controlled thermonuclear reaction.

Shnirman Georgy Lvovich-Soviet experimenter physicist, doctor of technical sciences, professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, designer. The famous creator of a number of directions in Soviet instrumentation. Shnirman is the author of special systems for controlling measuring complexes of a nuclear landfill. Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich-Soviet theoretical physicist, a scientist who devoted his career to the study of theoretical physics.

One of the participants in the creation of a hydrogen bomb. In the year, he became the creator of the quantum theory of the effect of Vavilov -Cherenkov. Developed in the year the theory of transitional radiation when crossing the border of two environments by a particle. Alfierov Zhores Ivanovich genus. The scientist became famous as a researcher in the physics of semiconductors, optoelectronics and nanotechnologies.

In the year, he became the Nobel Prize for Physics for the development of semiconductor heterostructures for high -speed optoelectronics.