Biography Alexander Volg

His father, Nikolai Ostrovsky, graduated from the Theological Academy, but chose a secular profession and served as an official in court. Mother, Lyubov Ostrovskaya, monitored the household and brought up four children. In the year, the father received the rank of titular adviser and an increase in the salary, and the family from a small apartment moved to the house. In addition to the main work, Nikolai Ostrovsky was engaged in private lawyer practice.

A friend of the future playwright poet Nikolai Berg wrote: “In the house from morning to night, merchants were pushed, solving their different issues. The boy Ostrovsky saw there not one bankrupt, but as many as dozens; And God's conversations heard about bankruptcy and God is how much: it is not sacred that the language of merchants has become in some way his language.

He learned him to his subtlety. Another, especially whilly and accurate, wrote down as he himself admitted to me. " Mother devoted a lot of time to the education of children. The mother died in the year, and after five years, the father married a second time.

His wife became the daughter of the Swedish nobleman Emily von Tessin. She continued to teach children: she told them the history of European art and hired teachers in Greek and Italian languages. In the year, Alexander Ostrovsky entered the first Moscow gymnasium. There he became interested in literature and theatrical art, playing in a dramatic circle in his free time. Ostrovsky dreamed of a writer’s career, but his father believed that this was not profitable.

He did not study: instead of lectures, he went to the performances, several times retarded the exam on Roman law. In the spring of the year, Ostrovsky was expelled. There is also a version that he left the university himself. The very beginning of his life [Ostrovsky] amazes his absurdity. Having graduated from the gymnasium and entered the University of Moscow at the Faculty of Law, Ostrovsky suddenly found himself in a student’s position who was not able to perceive higher knowledge.

What caused such an opinion was unknown to us, because Ostrovsky evaded talking about a delicate question for him, but we learned that the famous playwright was dismissed by the authorities for the “non -understanding of sciences”. Peter Nevrazhin, playwright. The future playwright led the minutes of the meetings. He secretly copied the most interesting things into a separate notebook, and the appearance and appearance of the plaintiffs and defendants marked in the same place.

In the year, Ostrovsky moved to the same position to the commercial court and accepted complaints from the petitioners. In the evenings, he tried to compose and by the year he finished his first outline “Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky Resident”. In the preface, the writer wrote: “The author describes the Zamoskvorechye on holiday and on weekdays, on grief and in joy, describes what is happening along large long streets and small, frequent alleys.” The work was published in the newspaper Moscow City Leaflet.

In the year, in the same place, his first play “Picture of Family Happiness” was printed about marriage according to the calculation. Ostrovsky recalled: “The most memorable day in my life on February 14th. From this day, I began to consider myself a Russian writer and, no doubt and hesitation, believed in my confession. ” It was the day when the playwright read his play at the evening at the professor of Moscow University Stepan Shevyrev.

With great animation, he recalled his first literary steps, and especially the review of Professor Shevyrev about his one -act scenes “Family Picture”. And in fact, it was not to dilute to the head when the former student and official of the orphan court, who received six rubles a month, predicted the glory of one of the most outstanding professors, Gogol's friend: “Work, you have a big talent.” According to the plot, the merchant Samson Bolsov decided to declare himself bankrupt and not to return the money to creditors, but as a result, he was deceived by his daughter Lipochka and her husband and he went to jail.

The first public reading of the play took place in the house of historian Mikhail Pogodin, where Nikolai Gogol was among the listeners. The poet Nikolai Berg wrote: “The whole intelligentsia of Moscow spoke about this play as something extreme. Immediately a courageous work appeared, something like a miracle happened! The circulation of the Muscovite with the play has become scarce.

The fiction writer Sergei Maksimov recalled: “For a long time we ran along the taverns ... where the magazines were written out. In vain, we ate a lot of pies of twenty -five cents with banknotes and drank several pairs of tea, while we achieved a book to read in a hurry, since the wary sex taverns stood above the soul, waiting for the book to the side, grab and take it to a more respected visitor.

” The emperor was filed a complaint with merchants. Censor Mikhail Gedeonov wrote: “All the characters ... notorious bastards. The conversations are dirty, the whole play is offensive to the Russian merchants. ” The sovereign established police supervision behind the author, and in January of the year Ostrovsky was fired from the service. Then the playwright found a job in the magazine Moskvityan.

Soon he wrote for the publication of the play “The Morning of the Young Man”, “An unexpected case”, “Poor bride”. The household repertoire, if it is artistic, that is, he will show that there is a good, kind in Russian person and that in him wild and rude, which he should fight.Alexander Ostrovsky “A deep understanding of Russian life”: the expedition to the Volga and Theatrical Premieres of Ostrovsky composed the play “Not in his sled - do not sit down” about an attempt by a retired cavalryman to catch up with the help of a favorable marriage.

This was the first work of the playwright that was set on stage. In addition, he himself rehearsed with the actors and helped them get used to the role. The main character was played by the famous actress Lyubov Nikulina-Kositskaya. Prozaik Ivan Gorbunov recalled: “In the midst of deep silence, the audience listened to the first act and enthusiastically, several times, called the performers.

In the corridors, the lobby, in the buffet, there were no sense about the play. There was no end to delight. " During rehearsals at the Maly Theater, Ostrovsky became friends with the actor of the foreman of Sadovsky. According to the plot, the merchant Peretsov wanted to give out his daughter for the rich man, but accidentally blessed her marriage with a poor lover.

The premiere was held in January, a little earlier the work was printed in Moskvityanin. This was the last play published by the publication. It was organized by the sea ministry. His tasks included describing the life and customs of local residents, their main crafts, interior features, dialects. In a few months, while the playwright was lying with complex fractures, he wrote the play “The profitable place”.

During the trip, Ostrovsky recorded the stories of local merchants. One of them formed the basis of the work “not the characters” about the marriage between the impoverished nobleman and the rich merchant daughter. Soon the writer ended the play “Pupil”, and in the year with the assistance of Count Grigory Kushelev-Bisborodko, the first works of Ostrovsky in two volumes were printed.

The action took place in the fictional city of Kalinov. The young Katerina, who was erased by the despotistical mother -in -law, changed her husband and threw herself into the Volga with despair. In the year, critic Nikolai Dobrolyubov published the famous review “Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom”, where he interpreted the suicide of the girl as a protest against the world of ignorant and cruel merchants.

The publicist noted: "Ostrovsky has a deep understanding of Russian life and the great redundant to depict it sharply and vividly its most significant sides." In the year, for the play “Thunderstorm” of Ostrovsky, the Uvarov Prize was awarded, which was awarded for works on Russian history. In the year, Alexander Ostrovsky, together with pianist Nikolai Rubinstein and writer Vladimir Odoevsky, created an artistic circle in Moscow - a public organization for artists.

Its members arranged public concerts and literary evenings, opened the library and a private public theater. In the same year, Ostrovsky spent the readings of his new plays “The governor” and “In a brisk place” there. The fiction writer Sergei Maksimov wrote: “The condescending and concessive nature of Ostrovsky was obliged by a significant fraction that this circle was obliged that he combined his job and did not disperse for a long time, despite the remarkable variety of constituent elements.

In a Moscow fragmented society ... This possibility of rapprochement is a considerable merit. ” In the year, Ostrovsky wrote a libretto to the opera “Thunderstorm” of the composer Vladimir Kashperov, one of the members of the circle. Other arts have schools, academy, high protection, philanthropists ... Russian dramatic art alone. I am everything: the academy, and the philanthropist, and protection.

In addition, according to my innate abilities, I became the head of stage art. All the actors, without distinction of the role, starting from Veliky Martynov, enjoyed my advice and considered me authority. Alexander Ostrovsky. Soon they began to live together, but they did not conclude a church marriage. In the year, a son Alexei was born in the family. Soon three more children appeared.

Journalist Mikhail Semevsky recalled: “On the dark and dirty staircase, I climbed to the Mesonin, where the brilliant comedian lives. As soon as I opened the door as a Moscow, unlocked, two little dogs rushed at my feet. Behind the little dog appeared a boy with a glued face and a finger in his mouth; Another was visible behind the boy, after another, with her eyes stared at me, a nurse with a chest baby looked at me.

” Ostrovskaya did not know how to write and read, and in her free time the writer taught her literacy. However, when he created comedies, he consulted with her. Family friend Sergei Maksimov recalled: “She also understood the Moscow merchant life in her privacy, which, undoubtedly, served in many ways to her chosen one. He himself not only did not alienate her opinions and reviews, but willingly went to meet them, seriously consulted and corrected a lot after he read in her presence.

” In the beginning of the x, when Ostrovsky worked in the theater on the production “Don’t sit in his sled”, he became interested in actress Love Nikulina-Kositskaya. The artist did not reciprocate the playwright, but the friendship between them continued until Kositskaya’s death. She played in nine productions of Ostrovsky: Katerina in “Thunderstorm”, Anna Ivanovna in the comedy “Poverty is not a vice”, Vyshnevskaya in the “profitable place” and others.Kositskaya wrote: “I am proud of your love, but I have to lose it, because I can’t pay you the same, but your friendship is difficult for me, do not deprive me of this pleasant and expensive feeling for me.” They often met in the theater, spent a lot of time together at rehearsals.

In the year, the couple had a child. There they received guests and arranged creative evenings: the playwright read his plays, Vasiliev - played the piano and sang romances.