Brief biography of Apollonius

General information. Apollonius Rhodes approx. Apollonius is the author of the poem "Argonavtika" in which he tried, contradicting the traditional for the Alexandrians to the small genres, to revive the heroic epic, which caused acute disputes in the literary circles of his contemporaries. The plot of the poem was the myth of the golden rune, which, with the help of the Colchis Princess and the sorceress Medei, mines the Greek hero Jason.

Mention of some lines of this fulfilled drama of history can also be found in Homer, a sorceress Kirk from the Odyssey - a native aunt Medea, Jason and Hypsypil, Pelius and Jason and Hesiod Theogony. Pindar in the IV Pythian dresses in detail the mythological legend about the enmity of King Peli to his nephew Yason, about the cunning of Pelia, who sent for the golden rune, as well as about the abduction of the rune, the murder of the dragon and the help of Medea.

The poem of Apollonia consists of four songs about 6 thousand verses. The plot of the poem. The first song begins with the appeal to Phoebe-Apollo, the patron saint of poetry, and with the listing of the heroes traveling in Jason on the ship Argo. There is only Sepeus and Pirifoy, who at this very time are trying to kidnap the wife of the god Aida - Persephon.

Heroes for the most part from the ancient tribe of the Miniyans, whose center Orkhomen was the birthplace of Fricks and Gella, who once saved on a golden ram from his stepmother in a distant colchid. Travelers to the joyful exclamations of the people and the singing of Orpheus sail to the shores of the island of Lemnos, where there is a meeting with the Amazons and their queen gypsypila, who loved Jason.

The ship arrives at the shores of Misia, where Hercules are behind him in search of the missing Gilas. For all circumstances, it is clear that the heroes of the Argonauts commit their feat in one generation before the Trojan War. The second song: the heroes on the earth of the Bibrics, where Polydevka’s duel with Tsar Amick takes place, the path through the Bosphorus and the specialty of the old Finea from the monstrous harpies of the Borea brothers, his nephews.

The ship passes past the Simples of the rocks of the Amazons, Khalibov -Dimming Iron, enters the Pontus, goes to the foot of the Caucasian mountains, where the heroes hear the groans of Prometheus chained, and finally arrives at the Fazis Rion river in Colchis. In the third song, Jason, with the help of Hera and Athena, appears in the palace of King Eet. At the request of his mother, Aphrodite, who wants to please Athena and Hera inspires his daughter Mede's sudden passion for Jason, whom she secretly meets, and gives drugs and advice to defeat the intrigues of King Eet.

Jason pacifies fire -breathing bulls, kills the warriors born of the Earth, thereby fulfilling the tasks of the EET. In the fourth song, the EET begins to suspect unkind and decides to destroy the Argonauts. However, Medea and Jason are found at night in a sacred grove, she lulls the dragon, Jason abducts the golden rune guarded by the monster, and they swim from the coast of the colchis.

To delay the pursuit of Eet, Medea advises Yason to kill her brother. Having interrupted Kolkhov, the argonauts float further, experiencing the anger of the gods for the perfect crime. Along the rivers Istra Danube, Eridan River Poe, a kind of river Ron through the land of the Celts, they sail on Eu to the sorceress Kirke, the sister of Eet, who cleanses Jason from Medea, but decisively expels them from the island.

Past the wandering rocks - plank, past sirens, Scylles and Haribda with the help of the Marine goddess Fetida and her sisters Nereid, the Argonauts reach the island of Feakov - Trinakia, where the kings of Aret and Alkina help the fugitives, endow them and arrange their marriage. The storm brings the ship to the deserted shores of Libya, and the travelers go through hot sands for 12 days, carrying a ship to Lake Titon and Hesperid Lake on their shoulders.

After severe trials, having lost many friends, the Argonauts go to sea. They float past Crete, where their paths are hindered by the copper giant of the waist creation of Daedalus's hands. However, Medea destroys him with his spells. From the night darkness of the prayer of Jason, the ship leads to the island of Anafa, the god Apollo. From there, the heroes go to Egin, stock up there with water and take the way to their native Iolk, to the Pagasian Gulf.

In the poem of Apollonia, it is interesting to combine the old epic tradition and new achievements of a sophisticated, psychologically subjective, elegant poetry of Alexandrism. This combination is observed in the plot positions, the outline of the heroes, the choice of artistic means and the general style of the poem. According to the traditions of the Homeric Odyssey, a plot was built with its wandering heroes and with a typical arsenal of obstacles that the gods, people and nature itself erect in their path.

Here we meet fabulous Feaks, Siren, Scylla and Haribdu, Sim-Pelagada, Plancts, Harpies, the unexpected appearance of the gods and divine help, sacrifice and. There are features of the ancient htonism and fetishism, witchcraft and prophecy, spells and conspiracies.The heroes in the sea are Apollo of the Gothanee, going from Lycia to the Hyperboreans II, Athena rushes on a gloomy cloud, a terrible night under the auspices of the goddess of the other world of the hekata meets Jason and Medea IV, Medei's spell opens the door bumps IV, Medea fascinates the serpent IV, and kills the Talos here full of wonderful phenomena: this is full The horse of Poseidon, then it is the god Triton or Phoebe-Apollo in the radiance of the light people and the gods communicate with each other, as it should be in the ancient epic: Athena helps to build a ship I, hera in the fog leads the argons of Jason, and the goddess Athena makes a raincoat I for the hero, the fetid with non-reurations.

The victims of the gods when departing I, during the storm, make a libation of gye-earth and heroes II, but, as always, people try to be independent, feeling that salvation is in their hands: they lead to such a fright of Hesperid, that they scatter into dust IV, and Idas even dares for direct blasphemy, falling in front of us, in front Traditional descriptions of things and palaces are deployed: on the luxurious purple cloak of Jason, woven by Athena I, depicts are depicted, the zipper, zet and amphion - the builders of Thebes, the child Apollo, who kills the giant Titia, frictions on the golden ram, etc.

In the III song, the Palace of Eet with a detailed description of columns, cornices, triglyphs, porticoes, blooming grape vines, sources of wine, oil, milk and water is outlined. The poem is saturated with traditional formulas: the most terrible oath is a sticks; The gods swear uranium and gay; Ether - the dwelling of the immortals; EOS rises early in the morning; Medea acts "fate against fate"; begging, hugs his knees to the dying; The darkness covers the eyes; The heart is worried in the chest when thinking; Tired enjoy at night; and the radiance from the shell reaches Olympus; number 12 - symbolically, for example, an idmon is buried for 12 days; The catalog of heroes - participants in the campaign for the first I song is required.

In the poem, traditional Homeric epithets are the shore of gray -haired, fast arrows, the sea is dark -color, God -to -house men, a reasonable word, a greedy wave, a hollow -shaped wave, fast legs, erato - the goddess of the goddess, comparison of a woman are compared to the sparkles of fire, the struggle - with carpenters who adjust the bars near the ship; Love flares up, like fire from a small firebone; Medea pours tears like a wife for a dead husband; Jason gives up the earthly native, like a peasant, sorful metaphors, sorrow swept the heart, step on the fiery, scoop up the soul, put courage, sinks a tribe of excavated, the ship is buzzing and metonymy, for example, the power of Hercules instead of Heracles.

However, all this traditional material was collected by Apollonius to emphasize the scholarship of the Alexandrian poet, an expert on the ancient epic. Therefore, he with amazing perseverance, competing in erudition with Callimach, collects in the poem the rarest myths for example, the myth of Achilles, who in the Champs Elysees will become the husband of Medea, IV,, the myth of Evrinom and Office - the Lords of Olympus to Kronos, I, collects information about rare customs and rituals.

Kybeli from the dancing warriors of Jason, the burial of the Colchs, the origin of the Pean in honor of Apollo, imprings the whole poem by the exotic of geographical knowledge and metamorphoses, which became so popular in the era of Hellenism, the story of the Phaeton, a stream of tears of nymphs, a snake that grew out of blood drops of the Gorgon, the appearance of a Kallista island.

The rarities that were for Homer the subject of naive admiration and gullible surprise became Apollonius with an indispensable attribute of the intellectuality of poetic thinking. However, the most interesting thing is that all this all the long -known epic material is permeated with the novelty of its perception, a sense of originality and freshness of domestic sketches, images, details, psychological nuances with shades of subtle sensitivity, an exalted desire into the distance, tragic doom and horror before the rudeness of life.

What are, for example, such elegant-playful scenes as in the III songs: important and arrogant goddesses Hera and Athena ask Aphrodite for help, and she, smiling slyly, combs her golden hair, sitting in an armchair, while her husband Hephaestus works from the early morning by the blacksmithing. Not without irony, Aphrodite draws the difficulties standing in her path, since it is necessary to appease the baby Erot, to whom she promises a magnificent toy - the top with whom the baby Zeus was once amused.

Errus himself deftly and cunningly beats the bone, too, the baby, Ganyveda crybaby, his friend. In the IV song, when the Nereids attract the ship, propping it with their snow -white shoulders, Hera in fear hugs Athena, and the gods look with curiosity from heaven. At the wedding of Jason and Medei, the nymphs are dancing among the people of IV, and in the early morning the shore and paths smiles, the dew covered with the dew of the dew in the thinnest way emphasizes the internal state of the person: Medea covers his face so as not to see the murdered brother, Jason eagerly drinks after a plowing on the field of the eeth.

Kirka by a golden spark in the eyes recognizes his niece Medea - the granddaughter of the sun.Medea without words gives Jason a potion, on Medea and Jason finds a sudden fear between caresses. She is cunning with her sister, leads a conversation on her children and Jason meets them on the way and comes with them to Colchis. In speeches, her rapture with love, bashfulness, willingness to die for Jason and the consciousness of the future shame.

The scene is interesting in the IV song when the Argonauts want to leave Medea, and she in anger reproaches and curses Jason. He is full of fear and answers her insinuatingly and softly. The passions that people languish are not alien to the gods: the moon is gloating, looking from heaven at Medea, that not only one is tormented by love for Andimion; Hera nourishes the location to Fetide, as she rejected Zeus's love.

Some physiological details exacerbate the psychological characteristics of the hero. Medea's lower back of the back of the head hurts and her legs are shaken when she waits for Jason on a date. Before fleeing the house, she groans, grabs her neck, tears her hair, she makes her ears noise. The dying aspir with his hands sprinkles blood on the sisters ashes, and Jason, cutting off his hand, collects the blood of the murdered in his mouth and spit it out to avoid the revenge of the dead man.

Touching and necessarily with tears in the eyes of farewell scenes are depicted: for example, mother and father part with Jason, gypsipil and Medea cry from self -pity. Medea even kisses his bed and jambs of the doors, cutting off the curl for memory for his mother, dousing with tears and even talking with a curl with the left at home. The painful parting of the Argonauts with the Motherland is emphasized by a sensitive picture of the wires, which arrange them nymphs and gods, and among this curious crowd of inhabitants of thickets and forests stands a centaur Hiron with a Malyutka Achilles in their arms and shows it to the father - Pele, the satellite of Jason.

The scene of the first meeting of Jason and Medei III is completely new and alien to the ancient epic, imbued with the unknown Homeric heroes inner languishing, some kind of tragic unity of souls, silent, not in need of words with understanding and awareness of future disasters. When analyzing the poem, individual motives can be grouped in 12 large episodes instead of 29 in I songs, which are supplemented by scientists of the author and hints of the psychological outline of the hero.

In the III songs, the old mythology recedes into the background of 9 episodes along with 23 vital paintings. In this song, all the skill of the Apollonia-psychologist, the sculptor of the unique individuality of Medea and Jason is concentrated. Moreover, this song is the most expressive example of the poetry and aesthetics of Hellenism, which are characterized by a combination of different styles with their variegated Greek.

Here, along with the image of the ancient horrors of magic and witchcraft, there are charming and red-haired gods of a typical burlesk, sensitive-idyllic scenes, the reckless love of the heroes of future love novels, an ironically-dubious passenger, a smart crow, interfering with a lovedler of MOPS and a thoughtful rationalist rhetoric. However, at the same time, the III song has a certain integrity, some kind of monolithic sense of a completely new quality.

Therefore, the most chaotic and uneven IV song, where 35 real-life episodes account for 52 mythological episodes and where among the piles of exotic geography there are talented lines the flight of Medea from the house, the murder of aspire, the spell and death of the Talos, can no longer shake the confidence that the Argo Navtika is a new type of poem, not the Gomerovskaya notch And not heroic.

This poem is the forerunner of Hellenistic novels, which also abounded in adventures and horrors of wandering. But if in the novel unheard of trials and wandering rapidly and steadily led to the unity of the heroes and therefore they were deprived of a tragic worldview by a happy ending in the novel is obligatory, then all events are directed to the internal discord and disconnection of Medea and Jason, no matter how tightly they were soldered by the blood of crimes and self -substantial love of Medea.

Outwardly, the epic attributes of the poem cannot shake our belief that this is the end of the heroic epic and the beginning of the difficult path of the lonely and is in the discord with himself.